GREAT BRITAIN. 



331 



Of these, 150, all steamers, were rated as sea- 

 going ships, effective for general service. In 

 this number were included 1 Hne-of-battle ship, 

 19 iron-cased ships, 31 frigates and corvettes, 

 and 99 sloops and small vessels. There were 

 in addition to these 10 steamers, guard-ships of 

 the coast guard, and 41 sailing, and 18 steam- 

 tenders and cruisers, belonging to the coast- 

 guard service. The navy employed, in 1868, 

 36,502 officers and seamen, and 7,403 boys, to- 

 gether with 16,271 marines. There were also 

 7,700 seamen and boys employed on the coast 

 guard. The appropriation for the naval ser- 

 vice in 1868 was 10,826,690 = $54,133,450, be- 

 sides 350,600 = $1,753,000, for conveyance 

 of troops for the army. The armor-clad fleet 

 consists of 37 ships and four floating batteries, 

 a part of them not now in commission. Of 

 these, four only are less than 1,000 tons ; 3 ships 

 and 4 floating batteries between 1,000 and2,000 

 tons; 3 ships between 2,000 and 3,000 tons; 8 

 ships between 3,000 and 4,000 tons; 11 ships 

 between 4,000 and 4,500 tons; 2 between 

 5,000 and 6,000 tons ; and 6 of more than 6,000 

 tons. Of these, 30 were in commission in the 

 summer of 1868. But five of these have their 

 entire armor more than 4|- inches in thickness, 

 four having 5^-inch armor, and one, the Belle- 

 rophon, a ship of 4,270 tons, having 6-inch 

 plating. Three wooden ships, the Royal Al- 

 fred, the Lord Clyde, and the Lord Warden, 

 each of about 4,000 tons, have their general 

 plating of 44~inch iron, and the most exposed 

 portions covered with 5^- or 6 inch plates. 



III. OOMMEEOB AND TRADE. 1. Imports and 

 Exports. The latest reports of these are for 

 the fiscal year 1867, closing, we believe, with 

 January 1, 1868. The imports of that year were 

 275,249,853=$1,376,249,265, of which 60,- 

 783,134=$303,915,670, were from the British 

 possessions, and 214,466,719=$1,072,333,595, 

 were from foreign countries. The exports the 

 same year were226,057,136=$l,130,285,680, 

 of which 181,183,791 =$905,918,955, were of 

 British produce, and 44,873,165=$224,365,- 

 825, were of foreign and colonial production. 

 The imports from the United States in the 

 year 1867 were 41,047,949 = $205,239,745. 

 The exports of home produce of the United 

 Kingdom to the United States Were 21,821,- 

 786 = $109,108,930. The entire receipts of 

 raw cotton in the United Kingdom during the 

 year 1867 were 1,262,536,912 Ibs., which was 

 115,000,000 less than in 1866. The value of 

 this cotton was 51,999,537=$259,997,685, or 

 about $104,000,000 less than the preceding 

 year. "While very large quantities of cotton 

 goods, manufactured in Great Britain, are con- 

 sumed at home, the exports of cotton manu- 

 factures in 1867 amounted to 70,843,692 = 

 $354,218,460. 



2. Shipping. The number of sailing-vessels 

 employed exclusively in the home trade of the 

 United Kingdom in 1867 was 11,498, measur- 

 ing 839,523 tons, and employing 38,526 men ; 

 there were also in the same trade that year 



657 steam-vessels, measuring 154,244 tons, and 

 employing 9,451 men. There were, in the 

 same year, 1,196 sailing-vessels engaged partly 

 in the home and partly in the foreign trade, 

 measuring 199,846 tons, and employing 7,339 

 men; and 125 steam- vessels, measuring 50,201 

 tons, and employing 2,249 men. In the foreign 

 trade, the same year, there were 7,467 sailing- 

 vessels, measuring 3,641,662 tons, and employ- 

 ing 107,364 men; and 834 steam-vessels, meas- 

 uring 608,232 tons, and employing 31,411 men. 

 The total number of vessels in the shipping 

 of the United Kingdom in 1867, both in the 

 home and foreign trade, was 21,777, measuring 

 5,493,708 tons, and employing 196,340 men. 

 The total tonnage of British and foreign vessels 

 entering and clearing at all the ports of the 

 United Kingdom in the year 1867 was 32,756,- 

 112 tons, of which 22,370,070 tons were Brit- 

 ish, and 10,386,042 foreign. 



IV. VITAL STATISTICS. The net increase of 

 population in England and Wales, over emigra- 

 tion, is about one million in every five years. 

 The number of birthi in England and Wales 

 in 1867, in a population of 21,429,508, was 767,- 

 997; of deaths the same year, 471,102. The 

 proportion of births of male to female children 

 is 104,811 to 100,000; but the equilibrium 

 between the sexes is established about the 

 tenth year, and at adult age there are 100,000 

 women to 95,008 men. In Scotland the ratio 

 of net increase of population does not exceed 3 

 per cent, for each five years. The number of 

 births in Scotland in 1867, in a population of 

 3,170,769, was 114,115 ; and of deaths 69,024. 

 The population of Ireland decreases at the rate 

 of nearly 5 per cent, in five years, mainly from 

 excessive emigration. 



V. PAUPERISM AND CRIME. In the 655 

 parishes and poor-law unions of England 

 and Wales there were, in 1868, 185,630 able- 

 bodied paupers, and 849,193 other recipients 

 of state aid, making 1,034,823 paupers, or about 

 5 per cent, of the population. In 1867 there 

 were committed for trial, charged with crim- 

 inal offences in England and Wales, 18,971 

 persons, of whom 14,207 were convicted, and 

 4,741 acquitted. This was exclusive of the 

 very large number, over 100,000, arrested and 

 tried on summary process in the police courts 

 and other courts of limited jurisdiction. 



In Scotland, the number of registered pau- 

 pers and dependants, exclusive of casual poor, 

 in the 885 parishes, was 76,737 paupers and 

 44,432 dependants, a total of 121,169, or nearly 

 4 per cent, of the population. The number 

 of criminal offenders in Scotland (aside from 

 those arrested on summary process) who were 

 committed for trial in 1867, was 3,305, of whom 

 2,510 were convicted, and 277 acquitted. 



In Ireland, pauperism is decreasing, at least 

 in its legalized form, the number being only 

 about one-half what it was in 1853. In 1868 

 there were reported, on the 1st of January, 

 56,663 indoor paupers and 15,830 outdoor 

 paupers, a total of 72,925, or about 1.25 per 



