332 



GEEECE. 



cent, of the population. In 1867, the number 

 of criminal offenders committed for trial (aside 

 from arrests on summary process) was 4,561, of 

 whom 2,733 were convicted, and 1,803 ac- 

 quitted. 



VI. EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS. The number 

 of schools in Great Britain, excluding Ireland, 

 on the 1st of January, 1868, was 14,591 ; the 

 number of children present at the inspection 

 of the schools by the commissioners was 

 1,391,100; the average annual attendance was 

 1,147,463. The number of certificated teach- 

 ers was 12,837, of which 7,099 were males, 

 and 5,738 females. Of assistant teachers there 

 were 1,179, viz.: males, 529; females, 650 

 and of pupil-teachers, 11,686; males, 5,374; 

 females, 6,312. There were 37 colleges, or 

 normal schools, for the professional instruction 

 of teachers, the annual expenditure of which 

 was 100,125 = $500,625, There were also 

 six colleges, or training-schools, affording in- 

 struction, separately, to male and female stu- 

 dents. In these 43 normal or training colleges 

 there were 14,600 students, while the accom- 

 modations were sufficient for 21,400. The 

 average annual salary of a certificated (male) 

 teacher was 89 = $445 ; and of an uncer- 

 tificated one, from 52 to 70 = $260 to $350. 

 The salary of a certificated mistress was about 

 55 = $275, and of an uncertificated one, 

 from 30 to 33 = $150 to $165. Out of 

 every 11 children of the laboring classes attend- 

 ing school, 4 were aided by the Committee of 

 Education, i. e., received assistance from the 

 national fund for education. The appropria- 

 tion for public education in Great Britain for 

 1868 was 842,500 = $4,212,500, a little more 

 than one-half the expenditure of the State of 

 New York for the same purpose. The report 

 of the Commissioners of National Education 

 in Ireland gives the following particulars con- 

 cerning the national schools there at the be- 

 ginning of 1868 : The number of schools in 

 operation was 6,520. The total number of 

 children on the rolls of the school-books during 

 the year was 913,198 ; the average daily attend- 

 ance, 321,515. The number of teachers in the 

 service of the Board was 8,326, of whom 3,480 

 were trained ; besides these, were 348 work- 

 mistresses and technical teachers. In some 

 Earts of Ireland model-schools and school- 

 irrns are in active operation. The expendi- 

 ture by the commissioners for the year was 

 370,504 = $1,852,520. The schools are con- 

 nected with all persuasions, the larger number 

 being Catholics, next Presbyterians, next the 

 Established Church, then other persuasions. 

 299 teachers had graduated from the training- 

 schools during the year. The appropriation 

 to public education in Ireland for 1868 was 

 360,195 = $1,800,975, about three-fourths 

 that of Massachusetts for the same purpose in 

 that year. 



GREECE, a kingdom in Europe. King, 

 George I., second son of the King of Denmark, 

 born December 24, 1845 ; elected " King of the 



Hellenes " by the National Assembly of Athens, 

 March 18 (old style 30), 1863. Area, about 

 19,353 square miles; population (in 1861), 

 1,348,412 ; and, according to a census of 1864, 

 about 1,400,000. The budget for 1867 esti- 

 mates the receipts at 32,472,335 drachmas (one 

 drachma about eighteen cents) ; the expendi- 

 tures to 29,520,000 drachmas. The public debt, 

 in July, 1865, was officially estimated at 299,- 

 806,192 drachmas. 



According to a bill presented to the Legis- 

 lature in January, 1867, and adopted by it, the 

 strength of the army was, in 1867, to be raised 

 to 31,300 men (14,300 regular, and 17,000 ir- 

 regular troops). The fleet, at the beginning of 

 1866, consisted of one frigate (of fifty guns) ; 

 two corvettes (together of forty-eight guns) ; 

 six screw steamers (of ten guns each) ; besides 

 twenty-six vessels of smaller dimensions, and 

 gunboats. 



The merchant navy, in 1864,* was composed 

 of 4,528 vessels, together of 280,342 tons. 



At the official reception on New-Year's Day 

 (old style), the King, in reply to the address of 

 the president of the ministry, thus expressed 

 himself with regard to the refugees from Crete, 

 residing in Greece : 



My heart and that of the Queen bleed at seeing so 

 many thousand Christians obliged to find refuge on 

 the maternal soil of Greece. Humanity and the in- 

 dissoluble laws of fraternity impose upon us a duty 

 to give what succor we can under so great a calamity. 

 I hope and trust that the new year will be a happier 

 one than the last. 



On February 6th a new ministry was formed, 

 with Bulgaris as president. A programme pub- 

 lished by the ministry thus defined the policy 

 to be pursued in the Eastern question : 



We fully understand the serious position of our in- 

 ternal affairs, and the necessity dictated by pure pa- 

 triotism that our dear country should make earnest 

 preparations for the future marked out for it hy Provi- 

 dence. We consider ostentatious demonstrations too 

 burdensome for the country, and believe that prepa- 

 rations for the future ought to advance in proportion 

 to the well-being of the present. . Moved by the suf- 

 ferings of a kinared people, which have enlisted the 

 sympathies of the whole of Christendom, we will 

 grant it all the assistance in our power. 



On February 8th a royal decree was issued 

 dissolving the Greek Chamber. New elections 

 began on the 3d of April, and resulted in a 

 large majority for the ministry. The princi- 

 pal leaders of the opposition were not reflected. 

 The new Chamber was opened by the King on 

 7th of May, who delivered a speech from the 

 throne. The King announced that, in order to 

 consolidate the throne, he had married a prin- 

 cess of the orthodox religion. His object in* 

 dissolving the last Chamber had been to ascer- 

 tain the opinion of the nation relative to the 

 constitutional distribution of power. The King 

 in his speech declared further that it was a ra- 

 tional duty to aid in alleviating the sufferings 

 of a kindred people, and also drew attention 



* See the ANNUAL AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA, for 1867, for 

 further information on the public debt, and the latest sta- 

 tistics of the movement of shipping. 



