HAWKS, CICERO S. 



HAYTI. 



339 



population in 1867, 305,196. The "budget" for 

 1868 estimates the receipts at 11,999,450 marks 

 current, and the expenditures at 13,574,450 

 marks current. The public debt, on December 

 81, 1866, amounted to 64,037,746 marks banco 

 (1 mark banco equal to 34 cents ; 1 mark cur- 

 rent equal to 27f cents). Total imports by sea, 

 387,871,600; total imports by land and river 

 (Elbe), 391,216410 ; total imports by land and 

 sea in 1866, 779,088,010, against 771,668,880 in 

 1865. The exports of Hamburg cannot be as- 

 certained, as, since 1857, no statement of ex- 

 ports has been made. The movement of trans- 

 marine shipping, in 1867, was as follows : en- 

 tered, 5,055 vessels, together of 954,055 lasts; 

 cleared 5,071 vessels, together of 956,375 lasts 

 (1 last 4,000 pounds). The merchant navy con- 

 sisted, at the end of the year 1867, of 487 sailing- 

 vessels, together of 122,104 lasts. The contin- 

 gent furnished by Hamburg to the North-Ger- 

 man army consists of 2,163 men. According to a 

 military convention concluded with Prussia on 

 July 23, 1867, the troops of Hamburg were 

 discharged on October 1, 1867, and Hamburg 

 was occupied by a Prussian garrison, which all 

 those liable to military service will join. 



The statistics of emigration from the port of 

 Hamburg, from 1846 to 1867, are as follows: 



HAWKS, Rt. Rev. CICERO STANLEY, D. D., 

 LL.D., Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal 

 Church for the the diocese of Missouri, born in 

 Newbern, North Carolina, May 26, 1812 ; died 

 in St. Louis, Mo., April 19, 1868. Dr. Hawks 

 was of British ancestry, his father being an 

 Englishman, and his mother a native of Ireland. 

 He was the youngest of nine children, and was 

 brought up and educated by his brother, the 

 late Rev. Francis L. Hawks, D. D., LL. D. He 

 was ordained a priest and called to the rector- 

 ship of Trinity Church, Buffalo, in 1836, and 

 remained there till 1843, when he accepted a 

 call to Christ Church, St. Louis, and in JL844 

 was elected and consecrated bishop of the dio- 

 cese. This position he filled with signal ability 

 and devotion for twenty-four years, admired 

 for his energy, his devotion, and his strong sym- 

 pathies, and honored and esteemed for his cour- 

 age, his humanity, and his social virtues. In 

 1849, when the cholera made such fearful rav- 

 ages in St. Louis, the bishop was untiring in 

 his devotion to the suffering, regardless of per- 

 sonal sacrifice and exposure, and attended to 

 the physical as well as spiritual wants of the 

 victims of the disease. As a token of their 

 appreciation of his great services at this time, 

 Christ Church presented him with a purse of 

 $3,000, and citizens of St. Louis gave him the 



estate in Paul Street in which he subsequently 

 resided. Soon after his return from the Pan- 

 Anglican synod, he had a paralytic attack, and 

 had been for a year past conscious of his ap- 

 proaching decease. 



HAYTI, a republic in the West Indies, con- 

 stituting the French -^peaking portion of the 

 Island of San Domingo. Area, 10,205 square 

 miles; population, 572,000. The capital, Port- 

 au-Prince, has 21,000 inhabitants. The Presi- 

 dent of the Republic, Silvain Salnave, was 

 elected on June 16, 1867, for the term of four 

 years. The public revenues in 1864 amounted 

 to 41,032,302 Haytien dollars, and the expendi- 

 tures to 34,977,687 Haytien dollars; surplus 

 of receipts, 6,054,615 Haytien dollars (10.33 

 Haytien dollars paper money were, in 1863, 

 equal to one dollar in gold). 



Public debt in 1864, 9,847,233 piastres fortes 

 (1 piastre forte, in 1863, equal to 12.25 Haytien 

 [paper] dollars). A detailed report on the 

 finances of Hayti was presented to President 

 Salnave, in October, by Mr. Tate, the new 

 Minister of Finance. The chief measures 

 which the new minister resorted to, to relieve 

 the embarrassed condition of the finances, were 

 a forced loan of $70,000, and the establishment 

 of a complete monopoly of coffee. They en- 

 abled him to remit $20,000 (gold) to the Hay- 

 tien minister at Paris, to relieve the embarrass- 

 ments in which that functionary was placed 

 for want of means to pay the accruing interest 

 on the French debt. He also paid $20,000 

 for the Haytien war-vessel, Trait d'Union, 

 and managed to liquidate several heavy over- 

 due demands for munitions of war supplied 

 to the Haytien Government by mercantile 

 houses at Port-au-Prince, besides meeting the 

 current expenses of the military and naval 

 service. 



The monopoly of coffee was declared to be a 

 temporary measure, rendered necessary by the 

 urgent wants of the Treasury to meet the ex- 

 penses of the war. According to the regula- 

 tions for the purchase of coffee exclusively by 

 the Government, all coffee brought into the 

 towns was to be deposited at a place selected by 

 the authorities, and was to be carefully weighed 

 and paid for according to quality, the scale of 

 prices to be fixed on Monday of every week by 

 the Chamber of Commerce. 



The civil war which was raging in Hayti at 

 the close of the year 1867 continued through- 

 out the year without a day's interruption. The 

 details of this conflict present no historical in- 

 terest. The two principal parties waging war 

 against each other are known by the titles of 

 "Lizards" and "Cacos." The first support 

 Salnave, while the second bitterly oppose him. 

 These names, according to the correspondent 

 to a New York paper, originated during the 

 carnival a few years back, when politics found 

 vent in songs to the beat of the drum. The 

 workingmen were compared in ono of the 

 songs to lizards, which may climb up to any 

 position, while the higher-class party (chiefly 



