HUGHES, BALL. 



HUNGARY. 



343 



church. In Nashville, he established and ed- 

 ited for some time a religious newspaper, ex- 

 erted a powerful influence in favor of missions, 

 and by his remarkable eloquence and earnest- 

 ness very early took a position as leader of his 

 denomination in the State. For years he was 

 moderator or president of all the religious or- 

 ganizations of the Baptists in the State, and 

 for ten consecutive years president of the 

 Southern Baptist Convention. He was also a 

 director, manager, or trustee in most of the 

 educational institutions of the State. In 1850, 

 after sixteen years of arduous labor in Nash- 

 ville, he accepted a call to the pastorate of the 

 Second Baptist Church in Richmond, Va., 

 arid remained there till 1857, when, at the 

 urgent request of his former charge at Nash- 

 ville, he returned there and continued in that 

 relation till his death. In Richmond, as in 

 Nashville, he had been called to occupy a 

 prominent position in the management of the 

 State denominational and educational institu- 

 tions. He also found time for the preparation of 

 several religious works. His services were in 

 demand in Nashville on his return thither, as be- 

 fore, for the State denominational societies, and 

 the public educational institutions of the State 

 also gladly availed themselves of his counsels. 

 In the beginning of the war, he took a decided 

 stand with the Confederacy, and, when the city 

 came into the possession of the Union forces, 

 he was, for a time, by order of Andrew John- 

 son, then military Governor of the State, put 

 under military surveillance. Finding, however, 

 that, though not a unionist, he had no treasonable 

 designs, he was after a few weeks discharged. 

 His time was during the war mainly occupied 

 with the preparation of several religious works. 

 His health began to fail early in 1867, and he 

 was unable to continue his labors either as a 

 preacher or writer. Dr. Howell's published 

 works were : " The Evils of Infant Baptism ; " 

 "The Cross;" "The Covenant" (this was 

 afterward expanded into a larger work, not 

 yet published, entitled " The Christology of 

 the Pentateuch, as developed in the Cove- 

 nants"); "The Early Baptists of Virginia" 

 (also subsequently enlarged). These were 

 published during his residence in Richmond, 

 between 1850 and 1857. He subsequently 

 (between 1857 and 1861) published "Com- 

 munion ; " " The Deaconship ; " " The Way of 

 Salvation," and two or three other small books. 

 He also left, besides the two unpublished works 

 mentioned above, two other posthumous works, 

 " A Memorial of the First Baptist Church 

 of Nashville from 1820 to 1863," an elaborate 

 work on "The Family," completed in 1865, 

 and a number of volumes of his Sermons. Dr. 

 Howell was an elegant preacher, a vigorous 

 writer, and a man of pleasing address. 



HUGHES, BALL, a sculptor, born in Lon- 

 don, January 19, 1806 ; died in Boston, March 

 5, 1868. He showed a talent for sculpture 

 very early, for at twelve years of age he pro- 

 cured a supply of wax by collecting candle-ends, 



and out of this material made a bas-relief copy 

 of a picture representing the judgment of Solo- 

 mon, which was afterward cast in silver. For- 

 tunately his father was willing that the child's 

 natural bent should be regarded, and placed 

 him for instruction with the sculptor Bailey, 

 in whose studio he remained for seven years. 

 During this time he gained several important 

 prizes in competition. The Royal Academy 

 gave him the large silver medal for the best copy 

 in bas-relief of the Apollo ; the Society of Arts 

 and Sciences gave him their silver medal for a 

 copy of the Barberini Faun, the large silver 

 medal for the best original model from life, 

 and a gold medal for an original composition, 

 "Pandora brought to Earth by Mercury." 

 He soon began to receive commissions for im- 

 portant works, but, in 1829, determined to 

 emigrate to America. His first important com- 

 mission here was the statue of Alexander Ham- 

 ilton for the Merchants' Exchange. This was 

 destroyed in the great fire of 1835. The bas- 

 relief of Bishop Hobart, which he made for 

 Trinity Church, is now in the vestry of the pres- 

 ent building. He made several groups which 

 have never been put into marble, "Little Nell 

 sitting in the Churchyard," and " Uncle Toby 

 and the Widow Wadman," which last is ad- 

 mirably executed. He also made a model of 

 an equestrian statue of Washington, intended 

 for the city of Philadelphia; a statuette of 

 Warren, and a bust of Irving. For a num- 

 ber of years he resided in Dorchester, near 

 Boston. Among his other works of note, are 

 a " Crucifixion ; " a fine statue in bronze of 

 Nathaniel Bowditch in Mount Auburn Cem- 

 etery, which, owing to some defect in the com- 

 position of the metal, it is feared cannot stand 

 the vicissitudes of our climate ; " a " Mary 

 Magdalen," and several others of nearly equal 

 merit. He had also within a few years past ex- 

 ecuted some remarkably spirited sketches, done 

 on wood with a hot iron. Several of his stat- 

 ues are in private collections in England, and 

 are very highly prized. 



HUNGARY, a country of Europe, formerly 

 an independent kingdom, but now forming part 

 of Austria. As reconstructed in 1867,* Hun- 

 gary consists of the following parts, each of 

 which was to be, according to the Constitution 

 of 1849, a separate crown-land : 



Population in 1867. 



Hungary 10,814,206 



Croatia and Slavonia 962,031 



Transylvania 2,095,215 



Military Frontier 1,131,502 



Total 15,002,954 



Adding army and travelling popula- 

 tion, about 15,348,000 



The special ministry for Hungary and its de- 

 pendencies, which was appointed in February, 

 1867, and which remained unchanged in 1868, 

 was composed as follows : Minister President 



* See ANNUAL AMEBICAN CYCLOPEDIA, for 1867. Farther 

 statistics on the nationalities and religious denomina- 

 tions of Hungary and its dependencies are given on page - 

 58 of the present volume. 



