IffGERSOLL, JOSEPH R. 



IOWA. 



383 



disbursement of the Indian appropriations. The 

 machinery necessary to support the army can, 

 without additional expense, supply the In- 

 dians." 



General Sherman is also quite earnest in the 

 recommendation that the charge of Indian af- 

 fairs be transferred to the "War Department. 



The Peace Commissioners held a meeting at 

 Chicago in October, and the results of their ex- 

 perience and deliberations were summed up 

 in the following resolutions then adopted : 



Resolved, That this Commission recommend to the 

 President of the United States and Congress that full 

 provision be at once made to feed, clothe, and pro- 

 tect the Indians of the Crow, Blackfeet, Pegau, Gros 

 Ventres, Sioux, Poncas, Cheyenne, Arrapahoe, Apa- 

 che, Kiowa, and Camanche nations of Indians, who 

 now have located, or may hereafter locate permanent- 

 ly on the respective agricultural reservations. 



Resolved, That the treaties of said tribes with the 

 United States, whether ratified or not, should be con- 

 sidered to be and remain in full force as to all In- 

 dians of such tribes as now have or may hereafter 

 have their homes upon agricultural reservations de- 

 scribed in their respective treaties, but no others. 



Resolved, That, in the opinion of this Commission, 

 the time has come when the Government should cease 

 to recognize the Indian tribes as a domestic depend- 

 ent nation, except so far as it may be required to rec- 

 ognize them as such by existing treaties, and by 

 treaties made, but not yet ratified ; that hereafter all 

 Indians should be considered and held to be individ- 

 ually subject to the laws of the United States, except 

 where and while it is otherwise provided in such 

 treaties ; and that they should be entitled to the 

 same protection from said laws as other persons ow- 

 ingallegiance to the Government enjoy. 



Resolved, That the recent outrages and depredations 

 committed by the Indians of the Plains justify the 

 Government in abrogating those clauses of the trea- 

 ties made in October, 1867, at Medicine Lodge Creek, 

 which secure to them the right of roaming and hunt- 

 ing outside their reservations ; that all said Indians 

 be required to remove at once to said reservations and 

 remain within them, except that, after peace shall 

 have been restored, hunting-parties may be permitted 

 to cross their boundaries with written authority from 

 their agent or superintendent ; and 



Resolved, further, That military force should be 

 used to compel the removal into said reservations of 

 all such Indians as may refuse to go, after due notice 

 has been given them, and provision has been made 

 to feed and protect them within the same. 



Resolved, That, in the opinion of this Commission, 

 the Bureau of Indian Affairs should be transferred 

 from the Interior Department to the "War Depart- 

 ment. 



INGERSOLL, JOSEPH REED, LL.D., D. 0. L., 

 an American statesman and diplomatist, born 

 in Philadelphia, June 14, 1786 ; died in the 

 same city, February 20, 1868. He was a son 

 of the eminent lawyer, Jared Ingersoll, and a 

 brother of Charles J. Ingersoll, a somewhat 

 famous member of Congress many years ago. 

 He was educated at Princeton, graduating 

 in the class of 1804, studied law with his 

 father, and attained, while yet a young man, 

 to a large and lucrative practice. In 1835 he 

 was elected to Congress from Philadelphia by 

 the Whigs, and served for one term. In 1842 

 he was again elected, and continued in Con- 

 gress till 1849. While in Congress he was a 

 firm supporter of Henry Clay, and one of his 



finest efforts in the House was a defence of Mr. 

 Clay's "Tariff of 1842." In 1852, President 

 Fillmore appointed him minister to the court 

 of St. James, as successor to Hon. Abbott Law- 

 rence; he held the position about a year, when 

 he was succeeded by Mr. Buchanan, the ap- 

 pointee of President Pierce. After his return, 

 Mr. Ingersoll retired to private life and to 

 literary pursuits, of which he was very fond. 

 He was a devoted friend of the Union, and, 

 when the war was inaugurated, he pre- 

 pared, an able essay, worthy of the vigor and 

 eloquence of his early manhood, with the title, 

 " Secession : a Folly and a Crime." His cour- 

 teous and polished manners, his elegant scholar- 

 ship, and his kindliness and gentleness of dis- 

 Eosition, made him an object of general esteem 

 i his native city. The dignity of D. C. L. was 

 conferred on him by Oxford University. 



IOWA. The State of Iowa has an area of 

 55,045 square miles, nine-tenths of which com- 

 prise a fertile expanse of rolling prairie, rising 

 in the northern part of the State to a general 

 level 1,400 feet above that of the sea. The 

 growth of the State since it was admitted into 

 the Union, in 1846, has Ijeen very rapid. The 

 amount of wheat raised in the State, in 1868, 

 was 90,000,000 bushels, or more than twice as 

 much as was grown in the year 1863. The 

 number of pounds of wool produced has in- 

 creased fourfold in the same period, and three 

 times as much fruit was raised in the State last 

 year as was produced five years ago. The pop- 

 ulation of the State was estimated, in 1868, at 

 1,100,000, while two thirds of its territory is 

 still wholly unoccupied. There are 20,000,000 

 acres of excellent land within the limits of 

 Iowa, which have never been touched by the 

 plough, and which may be bought at prices 

 ranging from $2.50 to $10 per acre. 



The General Assembly of Iowa meets bien- 

 nially at Des Moines, on the 2d Monday in Jan- 

 uary. Its sessions, at the last term, continued 

 until the 8th day of April. This body is largely 

 Republican, and the general tendency of public 

 opinion in the State is toward radical measures. 

 Some attempts which were made to modify the 

 existing law prohibiting the sale of intoxicating 

 liquors met with little countenance. The sub- 

 ject of granting the right of suffrage to women 

 was introduced, and the following resolution 

 was referred to the Committee on Amendments 

 to the Constitution : 



Whereas, We hold these truths to be self-evident, 

 that all men are created equal, endowed by their Cre- 

 ator with certain inalienable rights; that to secure 

 these rights governments are instituted, deriving their 

 just powers from the consent of the governed ; and 



Whereas, We believe that " men" in the memora- 

 ble document from which we quote refers to the whole 

 human race, regardless of nationality or sex; and 



Whereas, We recognize the fact, that, as a general 

 principle, taxation and representation should be co- 

 extensive; and 



Whereas, It is a fact that women are compelled to 

 give allegiance and pay taxes to a government in the 

 enactment of whose laws they have been, and still are, 

 denied a voice : therefore 



