408 



LIPPE. 



LITERATURE. 



In February, 1824, he was ordained and in- 

 stalled pastor of the South Congregational 

 Church in Hartford, Conn., where he remained 

 for eight years, and then resigned and accepted 

 an appointment to labor for the American Tract 

 Society in the valley of the Mississippi. Be- 

 fore entering upon this work, however, he was 

 called to the Park Street Congregational Church, 

 Boston, where he served as pastor for ^two 

 years, when his voice failed, and, after inef- 

 fectual efforts to regain it, he resigned in 1835. 

 He was at once invited to the presidency of 

 Marietta College, Ohio, then newly incorpo- 

 rated. He filled this office for ten years, during 

 a portion of which time he bestowed much 

 labor in raising funds for the institution. In 

 1845 he resigned the presidency of the college, 

 and devoted two years to the agency of the So- 

 ciety for the Aid of Western Colleges, making 

 his home in the city of New York. In 1847 

 he was called to the pastorate of the Second 

 Congregational Church in Greenwich, Conn. 

 In this relation he continued till his death. 

 Dr. Linsley was a man of remarkable mental 

 activity and untiring industry. He acquired 

 knowledge with great rapidity and retained it 

 with tenacity. He sympathized warmly with 

 the young, and was distinguished through life 

 for his courtesy, kindness, and gentleness of dis- 

 position. With the exception of some published 

 sermons and occasional addresses, he has left 

 behind him little to perpetuate the memory of 

 his rare abilities. 



LIPPE, a principality, belonging to the 

 North-German Confederation. Prince, Leo- 

 pold, born September 1, 1821 ; succeeded his 

 father Leopold, January 1, 1851. Area, 438 

 square miles; population, in 1867, 111,352, 

 against 111,336 in 1864. The population con- 

 nected with the Evangelical Church was 109,- 

 374; Catholics, 2,658 ; Israelites, 1,125; Dis- 

 sidents, 16. The budget for 1867 estimated 

 the revenue at 224,905 florins, and the expen- 

 diture at 209,146 florins. The public debt, at 

 the close of the year 1866, amounted to 347,- 

 755 florins. The army was dissolved on Oc- 

 tober 1, 1868, and now forms a portion of the 

 6th Westphalian regiment of infantry. 



LIPPE-SCHAUMBURG. (See SOHAUMBUEG- 

 LIPPE.) 



LITERATURE AND LITERARY PROG- 

 RESS IN 1868. So far as books published by 

 the trade were concerned, there was some 

 improvement on the business of 1867. The 

 number of books published was a little larger, 

 though the average number of editions was 

 certainly no greater, and perhaps not quite 

 equal to that of the preceding year. There 

 was on the part of most publishers an un- 

 wonted timidity in entering upon new enter- 

 prises, and the number of authors' books, that 

 is, those published at the expense and risk of 

 the authors instead of the publishers, was con- 

 siderably beyond any former precedent. There 

 was also manifested a very marked disposition 

 to reprint such works of English authors as 



had already gained a reputation abroad, or 

 translations of French or German works al- 

 ready popular, in preference to undertaking 

 the risk of the introduction of new American 

 authors to the public. The whole number of 

 works by new American authors has been 

 much smaller than usual, and of these the 

 greater part, as we have said, are authors' 

 books. Editions of more than one hundred 

 works, manufactured in Great Britain, have 

 been imported the past year, with American 

 imprints, many of them works of high price, 

 from their numerous and costly illustrations, 

 while others were remarkable for their com- 

 bined excellence and cheapness. The com- 

 plete works of Dickens, Sir Walter Scott, 

 Thackeray, and Charles Reade, have been pub- 

 lished in a great variety of forms, and most of 

 them at very low prices. The " publishers by 

 subscription " have not had, on the whole, a 

 prosperous year; they have, indeed, issued a 

 larger number of books than usual, ninety-one 

 having been published for canvassing agents 

 during the year, but the sales have been smaller 

 than in previous years, and hardly one of them 

 can be called a great success. The great cost 

 of organizing an efficient canvass, and the low 

 price at which the books must be furnished to 

 the agents, require a very considerable sale to 

 pay expenses. No book sold in this way is 

 profitable unless its sale materially exceeds 

 10,000 copies, and very few return a fair com- 

 pensation to the publisher from a sale of less 

 than 25,000. A few "subscription books" 

 during the year 1868 have exceeded the last 

 figure, but the greater part have fallen below 

 it. 



The entire number of books published in the 

 United States in 1868 was 2,208, an increase 

 of 98 on the number published in 1867. Of 

 these, however, 107 were books manufactured 

 in Europe and imported in editions, with 

 American imprints; of the remaining 2,101 

 works, 359 were reprints of English books, 

 and 109 translations and reprints of works 

 published on the Continent of Europe. 



The most successful of the books published 

 by the trade were, of course, the novels, for 

 though it is far from being true that all, or 

 even any very large proportion of the novels 

 published are successful, yet, owing to the 

 great number of them published, there are 

 more successes than in other classes of publi- 

 cations. Of the six novels which achieved the 

 largest sales during the year, three, Mrs. Re- 

 becca Harding Davis's "Dallas Galbraith," Mr. 

 Beecher's " Norwood," and Miss Anna Dick- 

 inson's " What Answer," were by American au- 

 thors, and the last two were first novels ; the 

 other three were Auerbach's " On the Heights," 

 translated from the German, Charles Reade's 

 "Foul Play," and Wilkie Collins's "Moon- 

 stone." Next to these, perhaps, were Louisa 

 Miihlbach's five additional novels, "OuidaV' 

 (Miss Rame) " Tricotrin," and the cheap edi- 

 tion of Dickens's works published by Messrs. 



