LUXEMBUKG. 



nearly the entire Protestant population of 

 Schleswig - Holstein, Mecklenburg - Strelitz, 

 Reuss-Greitz and Eeuss-Schleitz, Saxe-Meinin- 

 gen, Schwartzburg-Sonderhausen, and Wur- 

 temberg, are Lutherans. 



Nearly the entire population, likewise, of 

 Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, are Lutherans. 



Austria has 1,218,750 Lutherans, Trance 

 about' 500,000, Holland about 76,000 (in two 

 organizations, a liberal and a "high church" 

 one), Poland 382,000, Finland 1,787,000. In 

 Russia proper there are 8 consistories, 421 

 churches, and 566 ministers. 



The first " General Conference of Delegates 

 from all the Lutheran Churches of Germany " 

 was opened at Hanoyer, July 1st. Three classes 

 of churches were represented : 1. The avowed- 

 ly Lutheran State Churches of Bavaria, "Wur- 

 temberg, Saxony, and other states. 2. The 

 Free Lutheran Churches of Prussia and of 

 other states which recognize the United Evan- 

 gelical Church as the only state Church. 3. 

 The Lutheran party in the United Evangelical 

 Church. Dr. von Harless, well known as one 

 of the prominent theologians of the Lutheran 

 Church, and now President of the Supreme 

 Ecclesiastical Council of Bavaria, and member 

 of the First Chamber of Bavaria, was chosen 

 President. A number of theologians known 

 to the entire Protestant world by their writ- 

 ings, were present. Among them were Dr. 

 Kliefoth, Dr. Luthardt, Dr. von Hofmann, 

 Dr. Kahnis, Dr. Uhlhorn, Dr. Thomasius. The 

 following resolutions, which define the relation 

 of the German Lutheran Churches to the other 

 Protestant state Churches and to the Prot- 

 estant state governments, were unanimously 

 adopted : 



1. Sufficient, but at the same time indispensable 

 for the true idea of the Church, is an agreement in 

 the true doctrine and in the administration of the 

 sacraments as we find them expressed in the Confes- 

 sions of the Lutheran Church. 



2. The Church, government, being an important 

 member of the Church, is also included in the de- 

 mand of an agreement in true doctrine, and in the 

 administration of sacraments with the Church which 

 it is to govern. 



3. It is therefore inadmissible to unite Churches 

 of our Church government without agreement in 

 doctrine and the administration of sacraments. 



4. For the same reason the right cannot be con- 

 ceded to the ruler of a country to dissolve ecclesias- 

 tical territories which may fall to him, without regard 

 to their doctrine and administration of sacraments, 

 into the whole of the state Churches in such a man- 

 ner that such churches would only continue to exist 

 within the state Church as individual congregations, 



MACBRIDE, JOHN D. 



445 



with their private doctrine and administration of 

 sacraments. 



In September, the first "General Synod of 

 the Lutheran State Church of Sweden " was 

 held. Formerly the bishops and representa- 

 tives of the clergy constituted one of the four 

 Estates of Sweden. The new Swedish Con- 

 stitution, which was adopted, in 1867, sub- 

 stituted for the four Estates two Chambers, 

 and in Art. 80, while leaving the whole eccle- 

 siastical legislation in the hands of the Diet 

 and the King, made the validity of all resolu- 

 tions passed with regard to ecclesiastical affairs 

 dependent upon the consent of the General 

 Synod. The King shall possess the right of in- 

 terpreting the Church laws, until the adoption 

 of a different interpretation by the General 

 Synod. The establishment of the General 

 Synod dates from the royal decree of Novem- 

 ber 16, 1863. It shall consist of the Arch- 

 bishop of Upsala, the eleven bishops of the 

 kingdom, four professors of the theological 

 faculty, the Pastor Promarius of Stockholm, 

 of thirty clergymen to be elected severally by 

 the clergy of the thirty ecclesiastical districts, 

 and of thirty laymen to be elected in as many 

 electoral districts. The Synod shall meet every 

 fifth year. The Minister of Public Worship 

 has a right to be present at the meetings, but 

 has no vote. The proceedings of the First 

 Synod were secret. 



LUXEMBURG,* a grand-duchy, united by 

 "personal union" with Holland, but which 

 has an independent constitution and adminis- 

 tration. The governor is appointed by the 

 King of Holland. Present governor (since 

 February 5, 1850), Prince Henry, brother of 

 the King of Holland. The grand-duchy be- 

 longed from 1815 to 1866 to the old German 

 Confederation. Area, 990 square miles ; pop- 

 ulation, in 1864, 202,937 inhabitants; in I860, 

 203,851 ; in 1868, 199,958. In the budget for 

 the year 1867-'68, the receipts amounted to 

 4,836,220 francs, and the expenditures to 

 4,959,971 francs; there was consequently a 

 deficit of 123,757 francs. The public debt in 

 1868 was about 12,000,000 francs. It is an- 

 nually reduced about 600,000 francs. The 

 army (according to the law of August 18, 1868) 

 consists of one battalion of chasseurs, which 

 has 13 officers and 500 under-officers and pri- 

 vates. There is also a corps of gendarmes, 

 composed of 3 officers, 27 under-officers, and 

 79 gendarmes. 



M 



MACBRIDE, JOHN DAVID, D. C. L., F. S. A., 

 an eminent Oriental scholar and author, for 

 fifty-five years principal of Magdalen Hall, 

 Oxford; born in Norfolk, England, in 1788; 

 died at Oxford, January 24, 1868. He was 

 the only son of Admiral John Macbride, and 

 was entered a gentleman commoner at Exeter 



College, Oxford, when but eighteen years old, 

 and took his first degree in 1799, and was soon 

 after elected a fellow of Exeter College. He 

 became M. A. in 1802, and D. C. L. in 1812. 



* For full information of Luxemburg, which, in 1867, 

 was the subject of a grave European complication, Bee the 

 ANNUAL AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA for 1867. 



