670 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHUECH. 



the direction of Thomas Jefferson ; was aide-de- 

 camp in 1814-'15 with a body of militia and vol- 

 unteers, called out for the defence of Virginia ; 

 was elected to the Legislature of Virginia in 

 1817, '18-, and '19, from Nelson County; and 

 in 1822 to the same position, from Alhemarle 

 County. In 1823 he was elected a Represent- 

 ative in Congress, and served for three successive 

 terms; in 1829 he was appointed by President 

 Jackson minister to France ; on his return, in 

 1832, he was elected a Senator in Congress, 

 and resigned in 1834, in consequence of his 

 unwillingness to participate in the Senate's 

 vote of censure of President Jackson's conduct 

 in removing the deposits an act which he 

 approved, but the Virginia Legislature repro- 

 bated; was reflected in 1835, the political 

 character of the Virginia Legislature being 

 changed ; and served to the end of the term 

 in 1839 ; voting in March, 1837, for Thomas 

 H. Benton's famous expunging resolution; in 

 1840 was reflected to the Senate, where he 

 remained until 1845. In 1849 he was a second 

 time appointed minister to France, by Pres- 

 ident Taylor, and returned in 1853, when 

 he retired from political life. In 1861 Mr. 

 Rives was one of the five commissioners sent 

 from Virginia to the "Peace Congress" at 

 Washington. He was a member of the Con- 

 federate Provisional Congress and House of 

 Representatives during the war. One of his 

 most valuable contributions to historical lit- 

 erature was his "Life and Times of Madi- 

 son," in two volumes, the first of which was 

 published in 1859, the second in 1866. In 

 the preparation of this work he had the 

 advantage of a long and intimate acquaintance 

 with its subject, and the use of all his manu- 

 scripts and papers. From several passages in 

 the second volume of this work, it seems evi- 

 dent that Mr. Rives's sympathy with the 

 secession movement was not earnest or pro- 

 found, but that, like many other Southern men, 

 he deemed it necessary to "go with his State." 

 In private life Mr. Rives was amiable, intelli- 

 gent, and courteous ; a man of extensive cul- 

 ture, and generally correct though not always 

 profound ideas. 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. The 

 Pope, Pius IX., formerly Giovanni Maria di 

 Mastai Ferretti, was born at Sinigaglia on the 

 13th of May, 1792 ; elected Pope on the death 

 of Gregory XVI., in 1846, and crowned on the 

 21st of June of that year. 



There were, in November, 1868, 57 cardi- 

 nals, of whom 6 were cardinal bishops, 43 car- 

 dinal priests, and 8 cardinal deacons ; 39 were 

 Italian by birth, and only 18 non-Italians 7 

 French, 4 Spanish, 4 Germans, 1 Croatian, 1 

 Portuguese, and 1 Irish. Among the new car- 

 dinals created in 1868, was Prince Lucien Bo- 

 naparte, a cousin of the Emperor of France. 



The Annuario Pontificio for 1868 gives the 

 following summary of the Patriarchal, Archi- 

 episcopal and Episcopal Sees of the Roman 

 Catholic Church : 



PATBIAHCHATES. 



Of the Latin Kite and Oriental Rite 12 



ARCHBISHOPKICS. 



Latin Rite. 



Immediately subordinate to the Holy See .- 12 



With Ecclesiastical Provinces 120 



Oriental Bite. 



With Ecclesiastical Provinces. 



Armenian Rite 1 



Greco-Rumanian Rite l 



Greco-Ruthenian Rite 1 



Dependent on Oriental Patriarchs. 



Greco-Melchite Rite 3 



Syro-Maronite Rite .' l 



139 



BISHOPRICS. 



Latin Bite. 



Suburban (the Sees of the Cardinal Bishops) 6 



Immediately subject to the Holy See 84 



Suffragans in Ecclesiastical Provinces 561 



Oriental Bite. 



Armenian 16 



Greco-Melchite 8 



Greco-Rumanian 3 



Greco-Ruthenian 5 



Greco-Bulgarian 1 



Syriac 11 



Syro-Chaldaic 12 



Syro-Maronite 1 



714 



Total Patriarchates, Archbishoprics, and Bishoprics. 865 



Of these dioceses, 107, namely, 5 archbish- 

 oprics and 102 bishoprics, have been estab- 

 lished by Pope Pius IX., who has also raised 

 13 bishoprics to the rank of archbishoprics. 



In addition to the actual diocesan bishops, 

 there are a number of titular bishops (bishops 

 in partibus infidelium), who are either coad- 

 jutors of diocesan bishops or vicars apostolic, 

 delegates apostolic, and prefects apostolic. 

 There are 103 vicariates apostolic, 5 delegations 

 apostolic, and 22 prefectures apostolic ; total, 

 130. All these three names designate a special 

 territory, like dioceses, but the incumbents have 

 not the rail rights of diocesan bishops. Twenty- 

 five of these 130 ecclesiastical districts have been 

 organized by Pope Pius IX. The total number 

 of titular bishops, in January, 1869, was 229. 



Of the dioceses at the beginning of the year, 

 112 were vacant, leaving 753 which were occu- 

 pied. Adding to this number the 229 bishops 

 in partibus, we have a total number of 982 

 bishops constituting the Catholic hierarchy at 

 the beginning of the year 1868.* 



The following list gives the classification and 

 names of the religious orders (according to the 

 Annuario Pontijicio for 1868), with the titles 

 of the superiors : 



* The Annuario Pontindo for 1869 did not reach us 

 in time for this article. The following summary we take 

 from a newspaper report : 



The Annuario gives 12 patriarchs of Latin and Oriental 

 rite, 12 Latin archbishops immediately dependent on the 

 Holy See, 120 with ecclesiastical provinces, 7 Oriental 

 archbishops. Total, 139. Of Latin bishops there are 6 

 called suburbicarians, always cardinals, with sees near 

 Rome ; 84 immediately subject to the Holy See, and 570 

 with dioceses ; 66 bishops of the Oriental rite. Total, 723. 

 His Holiness has elevated to the metropolitan dignity 20 

 sees and erected 6 archbishoprics and 112 bishoprics. 

 Archbishops' sees in partibus, 36 ; bishops' sees in .par- 

 tibus, 198. The vacant sees are, 1 patriarchal, 9archiepis- 

 copal.100 episcopal. Those occupied amount to 747 patri- 

 archal and residental, and 234 in partibus. There are 135 

 apostolic delegations, vicariates and prefectures, besides 

 which the present Pope has created thirty-two similar 

 offices. Of these, eighteen are vacant. 



