SAN DOMINGO. 



of his reign, the reforms in the press laws, 

 which, had been granted shortly after the 

 emancipation of the serfs, were neutralized by 

 the spirit of severity and intolerance displayed 

 by the functionaries that were intrusted with 

 the surveillance and censorship of the news- 

 papers. In consequence of this rigor, the con- 

 dition of the Eussian press, in 1867 and 1868, 

 was little better than during the reign of the 

 Emperor Nicholas. Many of the most talented 

 Eussian journalists abandoned in the last two 

 years the journalistic career, and quite a num- 

 ber of journals suspended publication during 

 that time. 



The most important event in the journalistic 

 history of St. Petersburg, during the year 1868, 

 was the promulgation of an imperial ukase 

 directing the Minister of the Interior to con- 

 solidate the existing official and semi-official 

 journals into one official paper, to be called 

 the Russian Moniteur. The Journal de St. 

 Petersburg, the Russian Invalide, and the 

 Northern Bee, have, in consequence, been dis- 

 continued. 



The St. Petersburg Gazette has the largest 

 circulation of any of the daily papers of the 

 capital. It prints daily between nine and ten 

 thousand copies. Next comes the Go los, with 



SAXE. 



687 



a circulation of between six and seven thou- 

 sand copies. 



A notice issued by the Eussian post-office 

 department in July, 1868 1 , places all Eussian 

 papers on a footing of equality in regard to 

 the rates of postage, which until then had 

 been fixed in the most arbitrary manner ; the 

 papers devoted to the Government paying only 

 half as much postage as the independent and 

 Liberal journals. 



^ Twenty-nine literary papers, seven monthly 

 literary magazines, and three quarterly re- 

 views, are published in St. Petersburg and 

 Moscow. Five of the literary weeklies are 

 illustrated, and have a relatively large circula- 

 tion. The Wjestnik (Messenger) stands at the 

 head of the monthly magazines, both as re- 

 gards editorial ability and popularity. Its cir- 

 culation in the year 1867 was larger than that 

 of any magazine published on the Continent. 



The literary periodials of Eussia, limited as 

 their number is, as a general thing, suffer from 

 lack of able contributors, inasmuch as eminent 

 Eussian writers are mostly averse to writing 

 for the papers. In consequence of this peculiar 

 state of affairs, the compensation paid to the 

 writers for the literary press is comparatively 

 liberal in Eussia. 



S 



SAN DOMINGO, or the Dominican Eepub- 

 lic, a state of the West Indies, comprising the 

 eastern portion of the Island of Hayti. Area, 

 17,826 square miles ; population, 136,500 

 (mostly mulattoes or whites). The value of 

 imports in 1867 was $520,000, and that of ex- 

 ports $690,000. The tax on imports is about 

 40 per .cent, ad valorem. The number of ves- 

 sels entering the ports of San Domingo and 

 Puerto Plata in 1867 was 62 (together of 8,699 

 tons), of which 27 were German and 17 English. 

 President, in 1868, Buenaventura Baez. Min- 

 isters, in May, 1868 : Justice, Felix Delmonte ; 

 Foreign Affairs and Agriculture, Gautier ; War, 

 Hungria ; Finance and Commerce, Curiel. 



The insurrection, which in the latter part of 

 1867 had broken out against President Cabral, 

 rapidly gained ground in January, 1868, and in 

 February President Cabral," with his whole 

 Cabinet, fled from the capital, which was 

 taken by the insurgents. The leader of the 

 insurrection, General Buenaventura Baez, who 

 in January had been formally proclaimed 

 President, took possession of the government, 

 and maintained himself throughout the year, 

 though he did not succeed in ending the civil 

 war. Cabral himself remained in the field 

 against Baez, and in December, 1868, was re- 

 ported to have gained some advantages. Be- 

 sides him, the chief opponents of Baez, and 

 leaders of the insurrection, were Generals 

 Polanco, Luperon, Morena, Castillo, Ogando, 

 and Adzu. 



SAXE, the name of one grand-duchy (Saxe- 

 Weimar) and three duchies (Saxe-Altenburg, 

 Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha), be- 

 longing to the North-German Confederation. 

 Eeigning princes, Grand-duke Karl Albert, of 

 Saxe-Weimar, born June 24, 1818, succeeded 

 his father July 8, 1853 ; Duke George II., of 

 Saxe-Meiningen, born April 2, 1826, succeeded 

 his father September 20, 1866 ; Duke Ernst I., 

 of Saxe-Altenburg, born September 16, 1826, 

 succeeded his father August 3, 1853; Duke 

 Ernst II., of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, born June 

 21, 1844. Area and population (according to 

 the census of 1867) are as follows : 



Square Miles. Population. 



Saxe-Weimar 1,404 283,044 



" Meiningen 956 180,335 



" Altenburg 510 141,426 



" Coburg-Gotha Y60 168,735 



Saxe-Altenburg had, in 1867, 141,149 Prot- 

 estants, 240 Eoman Catholics, 36 persons be- 

 longing to other religions, and 1 Israelite, 

 Saxe-Meiningen, in 1867, had 177,279 Protes- 

 tants, 1,102 Eoman Catholics, 44 Mennonites, 

 1,629 Israelites, and 139 members of other con- 

 gregations. In Saxe-Weimar there were, in 

 1864, Protestants, 269,007 ; Eoman Catholics, 

 9,927; Greek Catholics, 48; Mennonites, 2; 

 other Christians, 43 ; Israelites, 1,129. 



According to a military convention concluded 

 on June 26, 1867, by Prussia with Saxe-Wei- 

 mar, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe- 

 Coburg - Gotha, Schwarzburg - Eudolstadt, 



