690 SCHONBEIN, CHRISTIAN. 



SEYMOUR, THOMAS H. 



II. THE NORWEGIAN PRESS. According to 

 the newspaper statistics published in the 

 Christiania MaanedaTcrift for March, 1868, 

 there were issued in Norway, in the year 1867, 

 seventeen daily papers, sixty-two tri-weeklies, 

 semi-weeklies, weeklies, and semi-monthlies, 

 and seven monthly magazines and quarterly 

 reviews. The aggregate circulation of the 

 daily papers was thirty-seven thousand five 

 hundred copies; of the tri-weeklies, semi- 

 weeklies, weeklies, and semi-monthlies, forty 

 thousand copies. Christiania has five daily 

 papers, with an aggregate circulation of nine- 

 teen thousand copies. Seven of the Norwegian 

 dailies receive brief telegraphic reports from 

 Stockholm, Copenhagen, and other northern 

 points. No Norwegian paper has a circulation 

 of over five thousand copies. The advertising 

 receipts of the Christiania, Bergen, and Dron- 

 theim papers are considerably smaller than 

 those of their Stockholm and Copenhagen con- 

 temporaries. The poverty and sparseness of the 

 population in the rural districts, the lack of 

 railroad, mail, and telegraphic communications, 

 exercise a depressing influence upon the Nor- 

 wegian press, some of whose organs are edited 

 and managed with considerable ability ; and, 

 in consequence, the compensation paid to Nor- 

 wegian journalists and feuilletonists is not very 

 liberal. 



The literary and scientific press of Norway 

 consists of nineteen weeklies, and seven maga- 

 zines and reviews, most of which are edited 

 by eminent Norwegian authors and savants. 

 With one exception, their circulation is very 

 limited. 



SCHONBEIN, CHRISTIAN, a distinguished 

 chemist, was born at Metzingen, Wurtemberg, 

 October 18, 1779 ; died at Baden-Baden August 

 28, 1868. He was in early life apprenticed to a 

 manufacturer of chemical products, but, having 

 been conscripted, he declined to take the oath, 

 asserting that he would only give his word. 

 The King of Wurtemberg, having heard of this, 

 interrogated young Schonbein, and was so much 

 pleased with his answers, that he acquitted 

 him from military service, and assisted him in 

 completing his education at the University of 

 Tubingen and then of Erlangen. After the com- 

 pletion of his studies at the universities, Schon- 

 bein made a trip through France and England, 

 and at the age of twenty-nine became a profess- 

 or of the University of Basle. Among the 

 chemical discoveries of Schonbein are the gen- 

 eral phenomena of passiviti, or the property 

 which many metals have of acquiring, under cer- 

 tain conditions, new properties ; the discovery 

 of the cause of the production of electricity 

 in Grove's pile ; the discovery of ozone, of gun- 

 cotton, and of collodion. Schonbein has pub- 

 lished two stories of travel, and a Programme, 

 a^kind of general plan indicating the end and 

 aim of science. 



SCHWARZBURG, the name of two princi- 

 palities belonging to the North-German Con- 

 federation. 



I. ScHWARZBURG-SoNDERSHATJSEN. Reigning 

 Prince, Gtinther, born September 24, 1801 ; suc- 

 ceeded his father August 19, 1835. Area, 332 

 square miles ; population, according to the cen- 

 sus of 1867, 67,500. Revenue, in 1866, 644,- 

 367 thalers ; expenditures, 637,728 ; public 

 debt, in 1868, 1,441,079. The capital, Sonders- 

 hausen, had, in 1867, 6,275 inhabitants. The 

 troops of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, in con- 

 sequence of a military convention with Prus- 

 sia, serve, since October 1, 1867, in the Prus- 

 sian army. 



II. SCHWARZBURG - RuDOLSTADT. Reigning 

 Prince, Albert, born April 30, 1798 ; succeeded 

 his brother June 28, 1867. Area, 374 square 

 miles ; population, 75,074, of whom 74,865 are 

 Protestants, 93 Roman Catholics, and 113 Is- 

 raelites. The capital, Rudolstadt, had, in 1867, 

 6,953 inhabitants. The receipts for the period 

 from 1864 to 1866 were 2,582,322 ; the ex- 

 penditures, 2,582,332. The troops of Schwarz- 

 burg-Rudolstadt form, together with those of 

 the two principalities of Reuss and Saxe-Alten- 

 burg, one of the infantry regiments of Thu- 

 ringia. 



SERVIA, MICHAEL HI. OBRENOVITCH, Prince 

 of, born in Belgrade, September 4, 1825 ; assas- 

 sinated in that city, June 10, 1868. He was 

 the younger son of Prince Milosh Obrenovitch, 

 ruling prince of Servia, 1817-1839, and 1858- 

 1860, who died in 1860. He was educated with 

 his elder brother Milan, by a Russian professor 

 named Zoritch. In 1839 his father was com- 

 pelled to abdicate, and his brother Milan was 

 made Jiospodar or prince, but died in about 

 three months, when Michael was proclaimed 

 his successor. He was at that time but four- 

 teen years of age, and the principality was in a 

 condition bordering on anarchy, from Russian 

 intrigues, the schemes of other aspirants to the 

 hospodarship, and the bickerings of the Senate. 

 In September, 1842, he was deposed, and Alex- 

 ander Karageorgevitch, a scion of a rival house, 

 proclaimed prince. "While in exile, he spent 

 much time in travel and study, making his 

 home in Vienna and in Wallachia. After six- 

 teen years of exile, a revolution in 1858 restored 

 his father to power, and on his father's death, 

 in 1860, he succeeded to the hospodarship and 

 ruled with great ability. In 1867 he succeeded 

 in compelling Turkey to withdraw the garri- 

 sons of the five fortresses in the possession of 

 that Government. His assassination was be- 

 lieved to be instigated by the deposed prince 

 Karageorgevitch. 



SEYMOUR, THOMAS HART, a political leader 

 and former Governor of Connecticut, born in 

 Hartford, Conn., in 1808 ; died in that city Sep- 

 tember 3, 1868. His early education was ob- 

 tained in the excellent schools of his native 

 city, and, his tastes leading him to prefer a mil- 

 itary education, he entered the Military Insti- 

 tute at Middletown, Conn., then under the 

 care of Captain Alden Partridge, and, pursuing 

 the full course, graduated there, we believe, 

 in 1829. He was, for some time after his re- 



