SPAIN. 



703 



shot. Against Serrano, advancing from Cadiz, 

 General Pavia y Lacy (Marquis do Novaliches) 

 was sent with troops from the capital. On 

 the 28th an encounter between the two armies 

 took place at Alcolea, two leagues from the 

 city of Cordova, in the province of Andalusia. 

 The first shots of the guerillas were heard tow- 

 ard three o'clock p. M. on the flank of the route at 

 the gorge of the Sierra. Immediately after the 

 artillery of the Marquis de Novaliches opened 

 a well-sustained fire on the bridge and the 

 country-houses beyond Las Ventas. After 

 three hours and a half of a furious struggle the 

 insurgents suspended their fusillade, and then 

 the commander-in-chief and his staff rushed on 

 to the bridge to the cry of " Viva la Reina ! " 

 They expected to pass without difficulty, but 

 the troops of General Serrano, ambushed and 

 covered by parapets, opened so violent a fire 

 upon them that the troops of the Government 

 had to fall back. The Marquis de Novaliches 

 himself was seriously wounded in the throat. 

 The defeat of Novaliches was immediately fol- 

 lowed by a revolution in Saragossa, the whole 

 of Andalusia, and in Madrid. In Madrid, the 

 soldiers refused to fight any longer for the 

 Queen, and made common cause with the citi- 

 zens who declared in favor of the revolution. 

 General Concha, who commanded in Madrid, 

 resigned, and a provisional junta, composed 

 of 14 Progressists, 9 Liberal Unionists, and 7 

 Democrats, was established to carry on the 

 Government. All further resistance to the 

 advance of Serrano was abandoned, and unop- 

 posed he entered with his troops on the 3d of 

 October the city of Madrid, when he met with 

 an enthusiastic reception. Equally or even 

 more enthusiastic was the reception by the 

 capital of General Prim on the Tth of October. 

 The entire town turned out, and the crowds in 

 the streets were immense. Deputations ar- 

 rired from all parts, and they, with the troops, 

 sailors, and civic bodies, escorted the general. 

 It took upward of four hours for the proces- 

 sion to pass through the streets. The traffic 

 was completely stopped, and several men and 

 women were crushed to death by the crowd in 

 front of General Prim's hotel, and in the Puer- 

 ta del Sol. French, Italian, and Swiss depu- 

 tations and musical bands accompanied the 

 procession. General Prim made a speech to 

 the people from the balcony of the office of the 

 ministry, and laid stress upon the intimate 

 unity existing between Marshal Serrano and 

 himself, and urged the necessity for Liberals of 

 all shades, for the people, and for the army, to 

 preserve concord. " The victory of the revolu- 

 tion," he said, " was due to the joint action of the 

 fleet, Marshal Serrano, and the exiled generals." 

 At the conclusion of the speech, General Prim 

 embraced Serrano, exclaiming aloud, "Down 

 with the Bourbons ! " This was received by 

 all the people with unanimous applause. In 

 the evening Madrid was magnificently illumi- 

 nated. 

 At the outbreak of the revolution, the Queen, 



who had just returned from a visit to the 

 Emperor Napoleon at Biarritz, was at St. Se- 

 bastian, in the Pyrenees, near the French 

 frontier. The defeat of her troops at Alcolea 

 decided her to leave Spain at once for France. 

 The Emperor sent three officers of the imperial 

 household to meet the Queen, who on her 

 flight was accompanied by the King-consort, 

 her four younger children, her uncle Don Se- 

 bastian, the Minister of State, and several offi- 

 cers of the household, at the frontier. At the 

 railway station at Hendaye, the Emperor, the 

 Empress, and the Imperial Prince awaited the 

 arrival of the Queen, who, after a brief inter- 

 view with the imperial family, proceeded to 

 Pau, where she took up her residence at the 

 castle which the Emperor had placed at her 

 disposal. From Pau she at once issued the fol- 

 lowing protest addressed to the Spanish people : 

 A conspiracy, for which the history of no' European 

 people ofters a parallel, has just flung Spain into all 

 the norrors of anarchy. The army and navy, which 

 the nation so generously kept up, and whose services 

 1 have always been so happy to reward, forgetting 

 glorious traditions and ^rampiing upon the most 

 sacred oaths, turn against their country, and involve 

 her in mourning and desolation. The cry of the 

 rebels raised in Cadiz Bay, and repeated in a few 

 provinces by part of the army, must echo in the 

 hearts of the immense majority of Spaniards as the 

 forerunner of a storm which perils the interests of 

 religion, the principles of legitimacy and right, and 

 the independence and honor of Spam. The lament- 

 able series of defections, the acts of incredible dis- 

 loyalty which have occurred within so short a space 

 of tune, oifend my dignity as a Spaniard even more 

 than they affect my dignity as a queen. Let not the 

 greatest enemies of authority themselves, in their 

 insane dreams, imagine that a power which emanates 

 from so high an authority can be conferred, modified, 

 or suppressed by the intervention of brute force, 

 under the impulse of deluded soldiers. If the towns 

 and the provinces, yielding to the first pressure of vio- 

 lence, submit for a time to the yoke or the insurgents, 

 soon public feeling, hurt in its inmost and noblest 

 parts, will shake off its torpor, and show the world 

 that the eclipse of reason and of honor in Spain can- 

 not last loner. Until that time arrives I have thought 

 proper, as Queen of Spain, and after due deliberation 

 andsound advice, to seek in the states of an august 

 ally the security requisite to enable me to act ? under 

 these difficult circumstances, in conformity with my 

 position as a queen, and with the duty that devolves 

 on me to transmit unimpaired to my son my rights, 

 sanctioned by law, acknowledged and sworn to by 

 the nation, and fortified by thirty-five years of sacri- 

 fice, vicissitudes, and tender affection. While set- 

 ting foot on a foreign soil, my heart and eyes turned 

 toward that which is the land of my birth and that 

 of my children. I hasten to frame my explicit and 

 formal protest before God and before mankind, de- 

 claring that the force to which I yield in leaving my 

 kingdom cannot invalidate my rights^ nor lessen nor 

 compromise them in any way. Neither can those 

 rights be affected in any way by the acts of the revo- 

 lutionary Government, and still less by the regula- 

 tions of its assemblies, which must needs be formed 

 under the pressure of demagogic fury, and under 

 obvious conditions of violence as regards the con- 

 science and will of the people. Our fathers main- 

 tained a protracted but successful struggle for the 

 religious faith and the independence of Spain. The 

 present generation has unceasingly toiled to connect 

 all that was great'and glorious in past ages with what 

 modern times contain that is sound and fruitful. 

 Eevolution, that mortal foe to traditions and legiti- 



