TERRITORIES. 



TEXAS. 



727 



and all the towns are in the western portion of 

 the Territory. On the 1st of July, the entire 

 population was 38,875 ; the real and personal 

 property was valued at $9,400,000. There 

 were 243,427 acres of land under cultivation. 

 The products of the mines were rapidly becom- 

 ing a source of profit ; the value of gold and silver 

 refined and run into bars at that time was 

 $8,640,000. Bituminous coal of superior qual- 

 ities has been discovered, which will be par- 

 ticularly valuable for the purpose of smelting 

 metallic ores. The great interest of the Terri- 

 tory, however, will be its agriculture. It con- 

 tains some of the most productive lands in the 

 Northwest, and it will be found more profitable 

 for steady industry to cultivate the soil than to 

 take the doubtful chances of getting gain from 

 the mines. A corporation known as the North- 

 west Transportation Company was organized 

 in November, 1867, for the purpose of running 

 a line of steamers up the Missouri from Sioux 

 City to Fort Benton, thus establishing commu- 

 nication with the great States to the East. 

 During the past season five steamers were em- 

 ployed in the business of the company, having 

 a carrying capacity of 2,000 tons. The Legis- 

 lature of Montana met at Virginia City on the 

 9th of December, and the Governor in his ad- 

 dress recommended the encouragement of im- 

 migration from Northern Europe as a counter- 

 poise to the rapid influx of Chinese. The Gov- 

 ernor is Green 0. Smith, and J. M. Cavanaugh 

 is the delegate in Congress. 



New Mexico. There have been some new 

 discoveries of silver during the year in New 

 Mexico which promise very rich results. The 

 mineral wealth of the Territory is undoubtedly 

 great, but is said to be equalled if not excelled 

 by its agricultural resources, which only wait 

 for enterprise to yield profitable returns for la- 

 bor and capital. The territorial Governor is 

 Robert B. Mitchell, the delegate in Congress, 

 Charles P. Clever. Considerable Democratic 

 gains were reported at the last election. 



Utah. It is stated on good authority, that, 

 out of the 43,000,000 acres of land in Utah 

 Territory, not more than 500,000 are capable 

 of cultivation. Most of that which is actually 

 cultivated is occupied in little farms, of ten to 

 fifteen acres, and frequently requires artificial 

 irrigation. The soil is, however, quite pro- 

 ductive, and under excellent cultivation. The 

 present population of the territory is estimated 

 at 115,000. Immigration is encouraged and 

 aided by the Mormons, whose agents travel in 

 Europe to obtain proselytes, and are supported 

 by the community at home. The Governor of 

 Utah is Charles Durkee, and the Superintend- 

 ent of Indian Affairs, F. BL Head. William H. 

 Hooper, of Salt Lake City, represents the Ter- 

 ritory in Congress. 



Washington. Governor, Marshall F. Moore, 

 Olympia; delegate in Congress, Alvan Flan- 

 ders, Walla Walla. 



Wyoming. An act of Congress, approved 

 July 25, 1868, provided for the temporary gov- 



ernment of the new Territory of Wyoming, 

 which was formed from a portion of Dakota, 

 with small additions from Montana, Idaho, 

 Utah, and Nebraska. The boundaries are as 

 follows, viz. : Commencing at the intersection 

 of the 27th meridian of longitude, west from 

 Washington, with the 45th degree of north 

 latitude, and running thence west to the 34th 

 meridian of west longitude ; thence south to 

 the 41st degree of north latitude ; thence east 

 to the 27th meridian of west longitude ; and 

 thence north to the place of beginning. The 

 rights of property, now pertaining to the Indi- 

 ans in this territory, are secured to them until 

 extinguished by treaty ; and the United States 

 expressly reserves the power to divide the Ter- 

 ritory into two or more, or to attach any por- 

 tion to another State or territory as may be 

 deemed best. A Governor and Secretary are 

 to be appointed by the President, to hold office 

 four years ; and a Legislature is to be elected 

 by the people, which shall consist of a Council 

 of nine members, which may be increased to 

 thirteen ; and a House of Representatives, of 

 thirteen members, which may be increased to 

 twenty-seven. 



This Territory was formerly the abode of the 

 Crow Indians. The advancement into its lim- 

 its of the Pacific Railroad at once drew after 

 it a line of settlements, with a rapid springing- 

 up of towns in the wilderness. The first stake 

 was driven at Cheyenne, on the 13th of July, 

 1867, and in one month there was a town 

 of 8,000 inhabitants on the spot. These were, 

 however, made up in a large measure of ad- 

 venturers and disreputable characters. No 

 sooner was a new station established at Lara- 

 inie, than a large part of this population de- 

 parted from Cheyenne, but the more respect- 

 able portion remained, and a permanent city 

 has undoubtedly been founded there. One year 

 from its first inception it had a population of 

 4,000, and had a newspaper already started, 

 "The Weekly Rocky Mountain Star." The 

 resources of the Territory are believed to be 

 very great, but are almost wholly undeveloped. 



The Indian Territory is still unorganized, 

 and chiefly occupied by reservations for the 

 Indians and broad pastures for the buffalo. 



TEXAS. At the opening of the year 1868, 

 Texas formed a part of the " Fifth Military Dis- 

 trict," General Hancock, commander, and was 

 at the same time under the immediate com- 

 mand of General J. J. Reynolds of the "Dis- 

 trict of Texas." In the latter part of the pre- 

 ceding year, General Hancock had been ap- 

 pealed to by Governor Pease, to order a trial 

 by military commission of a man charged with 

 murder, in Uvalde County, on the western 

 frontier. The only reason given for thus super- 

 seding the action of the civil tribunals was, 

 that the county had " only about one hundred 

 voters in a territory of about nine hundred 

 square miles," and it was not probable that 

 the prisoners could be "kept in confinement 

 long enough to be tried by the civil courts of 



