THALLIUM. 



733 



State, have not fought a duel with deadly weapons, 

 or committed an assault upon any person with deadly 

 weapons, or sent or accepted a challenge to fight^ a 

 duel with deadly weapons, or acted as second in 

 fighting a duelj or knowingly aided or assisted any 

 one thus offending, either within this State or out of 

 it; that I am not disqualified from holding office 

 under the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the 

 United States (or, as the case may be, my disability 

 to hold office under the 14th Amendment to the Con- 

 stitution of the United States has been removed by 

 Act of Congress) ; and further, that I am a qualified 

 elector in this State. 



SEC. 3. Any citizen of this State, who shall, after 

 the adoption of this constitution, fight a duel with 

 deadly weapons, or commit an assault upon any per- 

 son with deadly weapons, or send or accept a chal- 

 lenge to fight a duel with deadly weapons, either 

 within this State or out of it, or who shall act as sec- 

 ond, or knowingly aid and assist, in any manner, 

 those thus offending, shall be deprived of the right of 

 suffrage, or of holding any office of trust or profit 

 under this State. 



SEC. 33. The ordinance of the convention passed 

 on the first day of February, A. D. 1861, commonly 

 known as the Ordinance of Secession, was in contra- 

 vention of the Constitution and laws of the United 

 States, and therefore null and void from the begin- 

 ning ; and all laws, and parts of laws, founded upon 

 said ordinance, were null and void from the date of 

 their passage. The Legislatures which sat in the 

 State of Texas, from the 18th day of March, A. D. 

 1861, until the 6th day of August. A. D. 1866, had no 

 constitutional authority to make laws binding upon 

 the people of the State of Texas : Provided, That this 

 section shall not be construed to inhibit the authori- 

 ties of this State from respecting and enforcing such 

 rules and regulations as were prescribed by the said 

 Legislatures which were not in violation of the Con- 

 stitution and laws of the United States, or in aid of 

 the rebellion against the United States, or prejudicial 

 to the citizens of this State who were loyal to the 

 United States, and which have been actually in force 

 or observed in Texas during the above period of time ; 

 nor to affect, prejudicially, private rights which may 

 have grown up under such rules and regulations ; nor 

 to invalidate official acts not in favor of the rebellion 

 against the United States, during said period of time. 

 The Legislature which assembled in the city of Aus- 

 tin on the 6th day of August, A. D. 1866, was provi- 

 sional only, and its acts are to be respected only so 

 far as they were not in violation of the Constitution 

 and laws of the United States ; or were not intended 

 to reward those who participated in the late rebellion ; 

 or to discriminate between citizens on account of race 

 or color ; or to operate prejudicially to any class of 

 citizens. 



THALLIUM. At the Herrog-Julius works, 

 near Kammelsburg, Brunswick, is found a min- 

 eral containing large proportions of sulphate 

 of zinc and lead. This ore, having been roasted 

 and lixiviated, yields a solution of white vitriol, 

 sulphate of zinc, of 1.441 specific gravity at 

 24 0. This liquid, which is made in great 

 quantities, is rich in thallium, as compared 

 with most of the sources of the supply of that 

 metal. The following is an analysis of the fluid : 



Sulphate of zinc 21.740 



protoxide of manganese 8. 230 



magnesia 0.717 



potash 0.581 



cadmium 0.536 



soda 0.443 



protoxide of iron 0.386 



copper 0.285 



lime 0.075 



alumina... . 0.060 



Sulphate of lead 0.008 



lithia trace 



Arsenious acid trace 



Oxide of antimony trace 



Phosphoric acid trace 



Chloride of thallium 0.050 



Hydrated sulphuric acid 0.119 



Hydrochloric acid 0.009 



Water 66.761 



According to Bunsen, thallium is best ob- 

 tained from this liquor by precipitating, by 

 means of metallic zinc immersed in the liquor, 

 the metals copper, cadmium, and thallium, 

 jointly. The metallic spongy mixture thus ob- 

 tained is rapidly washed first with water, by 

 being placed in a bag made of woollen fabric ; 

 next, some sulphuric acid is added to the wash 

 water, whereby the metals thallium and cad- 

 mium get dissolved with evolution of hydro- 

 gen, while copper is left untouched ; from the 

 acid solution so obtained, thallium is precipi- 

 tated, by means of iodide of potassium, as a 

 pure yellow iodide, which is further purified 

 by washing and by decantation ; from the re- 

 maining liquor, cadmium is precipitated in the 

 metallic state by zinc. One cubic metre of 

 the above liquid yields in a few days 6.4 kilos, 

 of spongy metallic precipitate, containing 4.2 

 kilos, cadmium, 1.6 kilos, copper, and 0.6 kilo, 

 thallium, 7.4 kilos, of metallic zinc becoming dis- 

 solved. The solution of cadmium and thallium 

 in sulphuric acid yields, on addition of 0.5 kilo, 

 iodide of potassium, 0.07 kilo, of iodide of 

 thallium. Thallium may be precipitated from 

 the sulphuric acid solution by means of chlo- 

 rides, but in so doing a not inconsiderable quan- 

 tity of the metal is retained by the cadmium. 

 The thallium may be directly obtained from 

 the first liquid at once by precipitation with 

 iodide of potassium, provided previously a suffi- 

 cient quantity of hyposulphite of soda be added 

 to keep the copper in solution ; the application, 

 however, of this latter method interferes with 

 the object for which the liquor is prepared, 

 viz., the making of sulphate of zinc. Polyt. 

 Centralbl., 1868, No. 10. 



Messrs. Hopkins and Williams, of London, 

 have been remarkably successful in the prepa- 

 ration of thallium and its compounds. The 

 metal itself they have obtained in considerable 

 masses or a weight as high as 2 Ibs. They 

 have also made the chloride, bromide, iodide, 

 silicate, phosphate, molybdate, cyanide, oxa- 

 late, borate, chromate, acetate, bitartrate, tung- 

 state, and other rare combinations of the met- 

 al with different elements, as also the common 

 forms, and a variety of double thallium salts, 

 all in a condition of great purity. Sulphate 

 of thallium they prepared by fusing thallium 

 and sulphur together. They ascertained that 

 sulphide of hydrogen does not precipitate the 

 solutions of the sulphate, nitrate, etc., of thal- 

 lium, but an abundant precipitate is produced 

 in the solution of the acetate, and, as thus pre- 

 pared, it can be washed and dried, but, if pre- 

 cipitated by sulphide of ammonium, and the 

 precipitate washed and dried, when approach- 



