AUSTRIA. 



55 



monarchy as a whole, and those belonging to 

 Austria proper, or the cis-Leithan provinces, 

 reserving the affairs of the trans-Leithan prov- 

 inces for the article HIJNGAKY. 



The area of the Austrian empire, according 

 to the latest official statements, amounts to 240,- 

 381 square miles, and the population, in 1867, 

 to 35,553,000 inhabitants. An official census 

 was to be taken during the first months of the 

 year 1870. The previous census was of 1857, 

 which showed the population of the provinces 

 now constituting Austria (Lombardy and Ve- 

 netia have since been lost) to amount to 32,- 



In no country of the world is the difference 

 of nationality of so great political importance 

 as in Austria, as it has been the primary cause 

 of all the territorial losses which the empire 

 has suffered since 1815, and of nearly all the 

 commotions which still threaten its unity. 

 According to a new work on the subject, by* a 

 writer of recognized reputation, Dr. Ficker 

 (Die Vollcerstamme der OestreicJi. Ungaris- 

 chen Monarchic, Vienna, 1869), the numerical 

 strength of the principal nationalities in Aus- 

 tria proper (cis-Leithan provinces), and the 

 lands subject to the Hungarian crown (trans- 

 Leithan provinces), were as follows : 



The following is a list of the provinces into 

 which each of the two halves of the empire is 

 divided, with the population in 1867, as ascer- 

 tained by adding the excess of births over deaths 

 to the official statements of the census of 1857 : 

 I. Cis-Leithan Provinces (Austria Proper) : 



1. Lower Austria 1,762,784 



2. Upper Austria 719,427 



3. Salzburg 146,870 



. 4. Styria .* 1,091,647 



5. Carinthia 342,656 



6. Carniola 475,437 



7. Goertz, Gradisca, Istria, and Trieste. 566,666 



8. Tyrol and Vorarlberg 878,733 



9. Bohemia ! 5,153,602 



10. Moravia 2,008,572 



11. Silesia 493,825 



12. Galicia 5,147,021 



13. Bukovina 516,418 



14. Dalmatia 446,660 



Total .19,750,318 



Adding army, and travelling popula- 

 tionabout 20,205,000 



il. Trans-Leithan Provinces (Hungary} : 



15. Hungary 10,814,206 



16. Croatia and Slavonia 962,031 



17. Transylvania 2,095,215 



The Military Frontier 1,131,502 



Total .1^0027954 



Adding army, and travelling popula- 

 tionabout 15,348,000 



Total of I. and II., or the whole monarchy, 35,553,000 



In the budget of 1868, for the whole monar- 

 chy, the estimates of expenditure and receipts 

 were as follows : 



Expenditures. Austrian florins. 



1. Common Ministry for Foreign Affairs . . 4,226,471 



2. Common Ministry of War : 



(1.) for the Army 78,778,357 



(2.) for the Navy 9,933,265 



3. Common Ministry on Finances 1.743,507 



4. Common Chamber of Accounts 104,095 



Total ."94^78~57<595 



Receipts. 



Receipts of Ministry of War. . 3,214,000 ) 



Receipts from Customs 12,000,000 > 15,326,900 



Receipts from Consulates 112,000 ) 



Remaining.. 



79,459,695 



Of which sum the cis-Leithan provinces fur- 

 nish 70 per cent., or 55,621,787; and the trans- 

 Leithan provinces 30 per cent., or 23,837,908. 



The budget of 1868, for the cis-Leithan 

 provinces, was as follows: Receipts, 299,380,- 

 999 ; expenditures, 302,999,534 ; deficit, 3,618,- 

 535. The public debt, on December 31, 1868, 

 was 2,692,067,316 florins. 



The army in 1869 consisted of 246,695 on the 

 peace footing, and 822,472 on the war footing. 



The endeavor to assimilate and to govern 

 the incongruous parts of the Austrian mon- 

 archy still constitutes a difficult task. Speak- 

 ing, first of all, of "West Austria, its constitu- 

 tional system, as at present existing, rests upon 

 the cooperation of the Germans with the 

 Poles. The Germans of Austria are in the 

 main centralists ; the Poles are wedded to 

 theories of decentralization or provincial self- 

 government. This fundamental difference of 

 political principles is always threatening to 

 bring about a rupture between the Austrian 

 Germans and the Austrian Poles, however 

 prudently and moderately the political leaders 

 on both sides may act toward each other. 

 There is a serious difference between the West 

 Austrian Government and its supporters in the 

 Reichsrath, on the one side, and the Galician 

 deputies on the other. When the constitutiomil 

 reforms of 1867 were passed by the Reichsrath, 

 by the joint efforts of the German and Galician 

 deputies, the former regarded the work as a 

 finality; the latter, on the other hand, de- 

 clared from the first that the demands of their 

 province, in the matter of self-government, 

 were not satisfied, and that their constituents 

 could not let the constitution remain as the 

 reforms of 1867 had left it. The Galician 

 Diet passed, in fact, a series of resolutions, 

 which demanded such an extension of the 

 powers of the provincial legislature and ex- 

 ecutive government as would conform the 

 position of Galicia, toward the rest of West 

 Austria, to that held by Croatia since the con- 

 clusion of the new settlement in the Hungarian 



