BELGIUM. 



BELL, JOHN. 



69 



the King of the Belgians, with the consent of the 

 Parliament ; and the ratifications shall be exchanged 

 at Brussels within twelve months from the date 

 hereof, or sooner if possible. 



In witness whereof, the respective plenipoten- 

 tiaries have signed the same and affixed thereto their 

 seals. 



Made in duplicate at Brussels the sixteenth of 

 November, one thousand eight hundred and 

 sixty-eight. 



JULES VANDER STICHELEN. 

 H. S. SANFORD. 



An additional article to the treaty of com- 

 merce and navigation of July 17, 1858, be- 

 tween the same contracting parties, was signed 

 December 20, 1868, and is as follows : 



The President of the United States of America 

 and his Majesty the King of the Belgians, deeming it 

 advisable that 'there should be an additional article 

 to the treaty of commerce and navigation between 

 them, of July 17, 1858, have for this purpose named 

 as their plenipotentiaries, namely : The President 

 of the United States, Henry Shelton Sanford, a citi- 

 zen of the United States, and minister resident near 

 his Majesty the King of the Belgians ; and his Majesty 

 the King of the Belgians, the Sieur Jules Vander 

 Stichelen, Grand Cross of the Order of the Dutch 

 Lion, etc., his Minister of Foreign Affairs ; who, after 

 having communicated to each other their full powers, 

 have agreed to and signed the following additional 

 article : 



The high contracting parties, desiring to secure 

 complete and efficient protection to the manufactur- 

 ing industry of their respective citizens, agree that 

 any counterfeiting in one of the two countries of the 

 trade-marks affixed in the other on merchandise, to 

 show its origin and quality, shall be strictly prohib- 

 ited and shall give ground for an action of damages 

 in favor of the injured party, to be prosecuted in the 

 courts of the country in which the counterfeit shall 

 be proven. 



The trade-marks in which the citizens of one of 

 the two countries may wish to secure the right of 

 property in the other must be lodged, to wit : The 

 marks of citizens of the United States at Brussels, in 

 the office of the clerk of the Tribunal of Commerce, 

 and the marks of Belgian citizens at the Patent-Office 

 in Washington. 



It is understood that, if a trade-mark has become 

 public property in the country of its origin, it shall be 

 equally free to all in the other country. 



This additional article shall have the same duration 

 as the before-mentioned treaty of the 17th July, 1858, 

 to which it is an addition. The ratifications thereof 

 shall be exchanged in the delay of six months, or 

 sooner if possible. 



In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries 

 have signed the same and affixed thereto their seals. 



Done at Brussels, in duplicate, the twentieth of 

 December, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight. 

 H. S. SANFORD. 

 JULES VANDER STICHELEN. 



The Belgian Chambers adopted the bill for 

 the abolition of imprisonment for debt, by a 

 large majority, and refused to exempt from 

 the benefit of its provisions even editors 

 unable to pay their fines. 



The young Prince Eoyal died, after a linger- 

 ing and distressing illness at Brussels, on 

 January 22d. By his decease, the Count de 

 Flanders, brother of the King, became heir- 

 apparent to the throne, and as such took his 

 seat in the Senate. 



The import and export trade of Belgium 

 represented before 1830 an annual average of 



300,000,000 francs, or 12,000,000. Thence 

 up to 1840 it fluctuated between 300,000,000 

 francs and 400,000,000 francs ; between 1840 

 and 1850 it increased to an average of about 

 900,000,000 francs, or 36,000,000; between 

 1850 and 1860 the average reached 1,700,000,- 

 000 francs; and a report presented to the 

 King by the Minister of Foreign Affairs es- 

 timates that, for the period between 1860 and 

 1870, it will reach an annual average of 3,000,- 

 000,000 francs, or 120,000,000. The minister, 

 however, remarks in his report that the direct 

 trade between Belgium and countries out of 

 Europe is tardy in its developement ; that the 

 Belgian, though apt at manufacture, is slow in 

 finding new markets. The Belgian Govern- 

 ment, as a stimulus to foreign trade, has ap- 

 pointed a consul in the Danubian Principal- 

 ities under the orders of the Belgian legation 

 at Constantinople, a consul-general at Odessa, 

 and a consul-general at Tauris ; and a gentle- 

 man well versed in commercial matters has 

 been attached to the Belgian legation at 

 Washington, who is to have no fixed residence, 

 but is to move about the United States in 

 order to report where there may be an opening 

 for Belgian trade. Mr. Hugh "Wyndham, 

 second secretary of the British legation at Brus- 

 sels, sending these statements in his last re- 

 port to the Foreign Office, observes that 

 Belgium has no trade at all with California, 

 and but little with China and Japan ; whereas 

 Holland and Switzerland, both small states, 

 are actively fostering their commerce with 

 those distant regions. 



BELL, JOHN, a statesman of Tennessee, born 

 near Nashville, Tenn., February 15, 1797; died 

 at Cumberland Iron Works, Tenn., September 

 10, 1869. His father was a farmer in fair cir- 

 cumstances, who bestowed upon him a good 

 education, and at so early a period that he was 

 graduated at Cumberland College (now the 

 University of Nashville) at the age of seven- 

 teen. Devoting himself to the study of the 

 law, he began his professional career at nine- 

 teen. A year later, and when he was not of 

 age, he was chosen a member of the Senate of 

 Tennessee; and, though he remained through 

 the term, he would not accept a reelection, 

 hut adhered to his profession until 1826, when 

 he was nominated for Congress, in opposition 

 to the well-known Felix Grundy, over whom 

 he triumphed, after an animated contest, by a 

 thousand majority. He was a Democrat at 

 that time, though General Jackson opposed his 

 election ; and he must be classed with the Cal- 

 houn branch of the Jackson party. He was so 

 popular that the Jacksonians concluded to over- 

 look his independence ; and he was reflected 

 six times, serving in the House of Kepresenta- 

 tives until 1841, or fourteen years. Long he- 

 fore the expiration of these years he had left 

 the Democratic party. Opposing the nullifiers, 

 he was separated from Mr. Calhoun ; and he 

 parted from President Jackson on the question 

 of the removal of the deposits from the United 



