BRADY, JAMES T. 



BRAZIL. 



most thoroughly-trusted and trustworthy mem- 

 bers of his party. As a politician, Mr. Brady 

 was of what might he called a conservative 

 turn of mind, hut his impulses and his acute 

 sense of justice often overbalanced these ten- 

 dencies. He never held office except once, 

 when he was Corporation Counsel; he con- 

 sented to accept this position because it was 

 in the line of his profession, and while oc- 

 cupying the place he made many important 

 improvements in the administration of muni- 

 cipal law. Before the war he was an ultra 

 States-Rights man. In 1860 he had supported 

 Breckinridge, and even carried his support so 

 far as to discourage fusion on the electoral 

 ticket between the two Democratic presiden- 

 tial candidates, while he consented to be a can- 

 didate for Governor himself on the Hard ticket, 

 against William Kelly, the Soft candidate, in 

 order to uphold a principle. If there had been 

 any chance of his election, he would not have 

 been a candidate. But, while supporting the 

 war measures of Lincoln's Administration, on 

 one point, and only one, he differed with the 

 Government. He did not believe in the doc- 

 trine of military necessity as applied to North- 

 ern States or without the hostile lines of 

 the enemy. Politics, however, never entered 

 into his professional life, and one of his 

 greatest cases was his defence of the spy 

 executed at Governor's Island. No man ever 

 adhered to a determination not to accept office 

 outside of the line of his profession more firmly 

 than Mr. Brady. Nearly every place in the 

 gift of the Democracy of New York was offered 

 to him, and declined by him. He was pressed 

 to accept a seat in the Legislature and in Con- 

 gress, but he steadily refused, and in 1861 he 

 peremptorily declined the Tammany nomination 

 for Mayor. During the period that intervened 

 between this action on his part and the close of 

 the war, he made many speeches on national 

 questions, some of which produced a profound 

 impression upon the country. In October, 

 1862, he "was induced to address the Seymour 

 Association of New York, and in his remarks 

 on that occasion he boldly said, u The South, in 

 leaving us at the particular time she did, did 

 so without the slightest pretext of justification 

 or excuse." These speeches were followed up 

 by other and bolder efforts. In March, 1864, 

 he had the satisfaction of addressing a war- 

 meeting in Tammany Hall. Near the close of 

 the war Mr. Brady was appointed a member 

 of a commission, of which General "William F. 

 Smith was chief, to inquire into the adminis- 

 tration of the Department of the Gulf under 

 General Butler and General Banks. The com- 

 mission discharged the duties of their appoint- 

 ment, and made their report to the Secretary 

 of War, but there the matter ended. The 

 report has never been published, notwith- 

 standing the public interest felt in the subject 

 of their inquiry, both at the time and since. 

 Outside of professional and political life Mr. 

 Brady was peculiarly amiable, and he was 



exceedingly fond of social enjoyments. He 

 idolized the children of his sisters, and was 

 always happy in winning the confidence and 

 esteem of the little ones. But he could readily 

 turn away from social pleasures to the duties 

 of the office and court. To his social accom- 

 plishments and legal attainments must be add- 

 ed an excellent literary taste. In the brilliant 

 days of the old Knickerbocker Magazine he 

 was a frequent contributor, and he wrote be- 

 sides for other periodicals. One of the most 

 beautiful of these waifs, "A Christmas Dream," 

 originally contributed by him to Park Benja- 

 min's literary paper, The New World, in 1846, 

 was subsequently, by one of his friends, put 

 into a little Christmas volume, exquisitely illus- 

 trated, and for years formed one of the most 

 beautiful of the minor holiday books. High- 

 minded, generous, prodigal to a fault, hating 

 meanness in every form, delicate in the matter 

 of fees from his clients, taking whatever was 

 given him oftener than what he might have 

 asked, so averse to even the appearance of evil 

 that he never took a case in the court of which 

 his brother was the Judge, he went down to 

 the grave with a record such as few men leave 

 behind them. 



BRAZIL,* an empire in South America. Em- 

 peror, Pedro II., born December 2, 1825; suc- 

 ceeded his father April 7, 1831 ; has two daugh- 

 ters : Isabella, married to the Count d'Eu, son 

 of the Duke de Nemours ; and Leopoldina, mar- 

 ried to Duke Augustus of Saxe-Coburg Gotha ; 

 eldest son of the latter, Pedro, born March 19, 

 1866. The conservative ministry, appointed 

 July 15, 1868, remained in power throughout 

 the year 1869. Area, 3,231,000 square miles. 

 Strength of the army 73,784; the army of 

 operation in Paraguay was estimated in Jan- 

 uary, 1868, at 42,817 men. The total pop- 

 ulation was (1867) estimated at 11,280,000, 

 1,400,000 of whom are slaves. The wild In- 

 dians, not included in the total population, are 

 said to number 500,000. 



The number of immigrants landed at Rio 

 Janeiro, during 1868, was 8,355, to which 

 must be added about 3,500 landed in the south- 

 ern provinces, making the total immigration 

 for the year, throughout the empire, not 

 more than 12,000 at the outside. More than 

 half of the immigrants were Portuguese ; the 

 Germans rank second in point of numbers ; 

 and the English (with whom are included the 

 Scotch and the Irish) come next. Spaniards 

 are few, but there is a respectable number of 

 French and Italians. Of the French, there 

 were several families from Algiers, hardy, ro- 

 bust farmers, who left their homes on account 

 of a terrible drought which reigned in that 

 country. They settled in the province of 

 Parana, where they have since been joined by 

 nearly a hundred of their countrymen, who 

 sailed directly from Marseilles for Brazil. The 



* See AMERICAN ANNUAL CTCLOP^DIA for 1868, for the 

 names of the ministers, a fuller account of the Brazilian 

 army, and commercial and navigation statistics. 



