CLEVELAND, CHARLES D. 



COLOMBIA, UNITED STATES OF. 107 



CLEVELAND, CHAELES DEXTEE, LL. D., 

 an American scholar, professor, and author, 

 born in Salem, Mass., December 3, 1802 ; 

 died in Philadelphia, August 18, 1869. He 

 was intended at first for the mercantile pro- 

 fession, and from his sixteenth to his twenty- 

 first year was in a business-house. In 1823 

 he entered Dartmouth College, and graduated 

 with distinguished honors in 1827. In 1830 

 he was elected Professor of the Latin and 

 Greek Languages and Literature in Dickinson 

 College, Carlisle, Pa. ; in 1832 he was called 

 to the professorship of Latin Language and 

 Literature in the University of New York ; and 

 in 1834 established a school for young ladies 

 in Philadelphia, over which he presided with 

 great success for nearly thirty years, and which 

 he only relinquished in consequence of failing 

 health. In the autumn of 1861 he received 

 the unsolicited and unexpected appointment 

 of United States consul for Cardiff, Wales, and 

 remained there until 1867. After his resigna- 

 tion of his post, he returned to Philadelphia, 

 but his health requiring a change of climate he 

 returned to Europe, and, after spending some 

 time on the Continent, was domiciled for a 

 year at Ilfracombe, Devonshire. He returned, 

 in midsummer of 1869, to Philadelphia, where 

 his death was very sudden, and the result of 

 an affection of the heart. He had received the 

 honorary degree of LL. D. from Ingham Uni- 

 versity, in 1861, and from the University of 

 New York in 1866. Professor Cleveland had, 

 early in his career, been impressed with the 

 lack of good and convenient text-books of Eng- 

 lish literature, and the desirableness of familiar- 

 izing our youth, and especially our young wo- 

 men, more thoroughly with the best works in 

 our language, that they might acquire a knowl- 

 edge of "the wells of English undefiled," which 

 should influence and control their subsequent 

 use of the language as a medium f thought. 

 It was for this purpose that he prepared his 

 Compendiums of English, American, and Clas- 

 sical Literature which have been so well and 



favorably known. His other works have, with 

 a single exception, had reference to instruction, 

 and most of them to literary criticism and 

 culture. The following is a list of his publica- 

 tions : In 1826, while a junior in college, "The 

 Moral Character of Theophrastus, with a Trans- 

 lation and Critical Notes;" in 1827, while a 

 senior, " An Epitome of Grecian Antiquities ; " 

 in 1828, " First Lessons in Latin, upon a New 

 Plan," and, in the same year, " The National 

 Orator ; " in 1830, " Xenophon's Anabasis, 

 with English Notes ; " in 1831, " A Compen- 

 dium of Grecian Antiquities," being the Epit- 

 ome rewritten and greatly enlarged, with 

 maps and illustrations ; in 1832, " Eirst Les- 

 sons in Greek;" in 1834, "A Sequel to 

 First Lessons in Latin ;" in 1836, an edition of 

 " Adams's Latin Grammar, with numerous Ad- 

 ditions and Improvements ; " in 1844, " An 

 Address of the Liberty Party of Pennsylvania 

 to the People of the State ; " in 1845, " First 

 Latin Book," and in the same year " Second 

 Latin Book ; " in 1846, " Third Latin Book ; " 

 in 1848, " A Compendium of English Litera- 

 ture, from Sir John Mandeville to William 

 Cowper ; " in 1850, " Hymns for Schools, with 

 Appropriate Selections from the Scriptures ; " 

 in 1851, " English Literature of the Nineteenth 

 Century ; " in 1853, an edition of " Milton's 

 Poetical Works, with Life, Dissertations on 

 each Poem, Notes, an Index to Subjects of 

 * Paradise Lost,' and a Verbal Index to all the 

 Poems;" in 1858, "A Compendium of Ameri- 

 can Literature on the plan of the Compendium 

 of English Literature ; " and, subsequently, 

 " A Compendium of Classical Literature," of 

 which a new edition was published in 1865. 



COLOMBIA,* UNITED STATES OF, a republic 

 in South America. President for the term of 

 1868 to 1870, Santos Gutierrez; minister of the 

 United States in Colombia, P. J. Sullivan, ap- 

 pointed in 1867. Area, variously estimated at 

 from 357,000 to 513,000 English square miles; 



* For latest financial and commercial statistics, see 

 AMERICAN ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1868. 



