FINANCES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



257 



MANUFACTURES OF WOOL. 



Estimated amount of machinery in carding 

 and combing, equivalent to 6,000 sets of 

 cards. Estimated consumption of wool 

 and substitutes, 1868, in condition, as 

 marketed, pounds ....................... 235,000,000 



Equivalent in pounds of scoured wool ....... 125,000,000 



value of product : 



Wool ...... ? .................... $90,000,000 



Supplies and repairs ............. 25,000,000 



Labor ............................ 35,000,000 



Profits on capital, 1868-'69, esti- 



mated at six per cent ........ 6,000,000 



-- $156,030,000 



Estimated expense of transportation and dis- 



tribution ................................ $25,000,000 



Number of hands employed, mostly males, at 



fifteen to each set of cards ............... 90.090 



Value added to material by each hand ....... $455 



PIO AND BAB IKON. 



Present annual product of pig-iron, tons ..... 1 ,725,000 



Value at furnace, at $36 per ton ............. $62,100,000 



Present annual product of rolling-mills and 



bloomeries, tons ......................... 1,222,000 



Value of product of rolling-mills, 1,200,000 



tons, at $90 ............................. $108,000,000 



Deducting value at rolling-mills of pig and 



scrap iron used as raw material, say 



1,416,000 tons, at $37.50 .................. 53,100,000 



Added value of rolling-mill industry ....... $54,900,000 



Product of bloomeries, 22,000 tons, at $180. . . $3,960,000 

 Deduct value of pig-metal used as raw ma- 



terial, say 26,400 tons, at $38 ............. 1,003,200 



Added value of bloomery industry ......... $2,956,800 



RECAPITULATION. 



Pig-metal .................................... $62,100,000 



Rolling-mill industry, added value ........... 54,900,000 



Bloomeries, added value ..................... 2,956,800 



Total ................................ $119,956,800 



The following is an estimate of the number 

 of hands employed in the primary production 

 of iron, viz., pig and bar iron, as returned by 

 the Secretary of the American Iron and Steel 

 Association: 



At blast-furnaces ................................ 12,500 



Preparation of ore and fuel ...................... 42.000 



At forces and bloomeries ........................ 2,500 



In rolling-mills .................................. 58,000 



Total .................................... 115,000 



There are no accessible data for estimating 

 the royalty paid for ores, or the cost of the 

 transportation of ores to the coal, or vice versa. 

 It may also be noted that the profits of iron 

 production, be they large or small, are included 

 in this sum of $119,956,800. If it be all cred- 

 ited to the actual laborers, the value of the 

 work of each hand is $1,043 ; but a fair deduc- 

 tion for labor of persons not enumerated, and 

 for profits above six per cent., would probably 

 reduce this average to $700 or $750. 



LEATHER MANUFACTURES. 



Value of leather tanned and dressed in the 

 United States ............................ 



Deducting value of hides and skins used as 

 raw material ............................ 



$121,760,009 

 66,531,114 

 $58,228,955 

 $246,252,000 

 130,169,603 

 Added value of boot and shoe industry ..... $116,082,392 



Value added by labor ...................... 



Value of boots and shoes produced .......... 



Deduct value of all materials used, including 

 leather. .................................. 



Value of other manufactures of leather, 

 harness, hose, belling, bags, portemon- 

 naiea, etc $63,300,000 



Deduct value of materials, including leather. 15,000,000 



Added value of above industries $48,300,000 



Number of hands employed in the manufac- 

 ture of leather 



Employed in manufacture of boots and shoes 131 333 

 Employed iu other manufactures from leather 19,000 



180,333 



RECAPITULATION. 



Value added to hides and skins In the manu- 

 facture of leather $58,223,955 



Value added in manufacture of boots and 



shoes 116,082,392 



Value added in other manufactures from 



leather 48,300,000 



$222,611,347 



The total value of product in the manufac- 

 ture of leather is apportioned as follows : 



Raw material $66,531,114 



Supplies and repairs 24,328,955 



Labor 20,000,000 



Capital 13,900,000 



$124,760,069 



$1,130 



Value added to material by each hand (ex- 

 cluding cost of " supplies and repairs "). 

 Average wages 



The total value of the product of the boot 

 and shoe industry is apportioned as follows : 



Raw material $130,169,608 



Supplies and repairs 9,373.959 



Capital 24,625,000 



Labor . . . 



Value added to material by each hand. 

 Average wages 



MANUFACTURES OF PAPER. 



$246,250,000 



$812 



625 



The quantity annually manufactured in the 

 United States is estimated for the Com- 

 missioner, by the trade, at 780,000,000 

 pounds, valued at $72,000.000 



Number of hands employed 25,003 



The Commissioner, however, has not the 

 data requisite for separating the value of the 

 labor from the material used. 



The addition made to the annual product of 

 the country, through the service rendered by 

 capital and labor employed in railway trans- 

 portation, has recently been shown by compe- 

 tent authority to be at the rate of about $360,- 

 000,000, on an investment of capital of nearly 

 $1,800,000,000. 



Unfortunately, and almost inexcusably, the 

 products of the national fisheries have never 

 been enumerated with any such completeness 

 as to enable an estimate of the annual value 

 of the production of this industry to be made 

 with any great degree of assurance or satisfac- 

 tion. But a recent canvass of certain fishing- 

 fields justifies the conclusion that the value of 

 all the fisheries of the country including sea- 

 coast, lake, and river fisheries is not less than 

 $100,000,000 per annum. 



RECAPITULATION. 



A summary statement of the values created 

 by the leading industries of the country would 

 therefore appear to be substantially as fol- 

 lows : 



VOL. ix, 17. A 



