318 



GREAT BRITAIN-. 



Showing that the number of electors, or as we 

 should say of voters, was nearly doubled. With 

 this enlargement of the franchise, however, 

 the registered voters are not quite one-tenth 

 of the population, while in the United States 

 the voters range from one-fifth to two-ninths 

 of the population. 



FINANCES. 1. Revenue and Expenditure. 

 The revenue actually collected for the year 

 ending March 31, 1869, was 72,591,991 == 

 $362,959,955, and the expenditure 75,497,816 

 = $377,489,080, leaving a deficiency of nearly 

 $14,500,000 to be made up from the receipts of 

 the next year. This deficiency was due main- 

 ly to the extraordinary expenses of the Abys- 

 sinian War in 1868. The new Chancellor of 

 the Exchequer, Right Hon. Robert Lowe, 

 proposed to adopt a new method of collecting 

 the revenue, by a single payment made early 

 in the year, instead of divided payments 

 througli the year as heretofore, and estimated 

 that there would be a saving thereby of 3,- 

 350,000 = $16,750,000. The estimates of 

 revenue and expenditure for the year ending 

 March 31, 1870, were, revenue, 72,855,000 = 

 $364,275,000, and expenditure 68,223,000 = 

 $341,115,000. Of this estimated revenue 22,- 

 450,000 = $112,250,000 was expected from 

 customs or duties on imports ; 20,450,000 = 

 $102,250,000, from excise, which includes dis- 

 tilled spirits, wines, beer and ale, alcohol, 

 tobacco and snuff, tea, chiccory, patent medi- 

 cines, vinegar, race-horses, railway travel, 

 and licenses from certain classes of dealers ; 

 from stamps, 9,350,000 = $46,750,000, under 

 which are included nearly the same items as 

 in our revenue laws; from assessed taxes, 

 including armorial bearings, carriages, horses, 

 and duties on horse-dealers, houses, and male- 

 servants, 3,550,000 = $17,750,000 ; from in- 

 come tax, 8,800,000 = $44,000,000. The 

 income tax in England is laid under Schedule 

 A, on the income from lands, tenements, and 

 is 5d. in the pound, equal to 2.08 per cent, on 

 the valuation ; in Schedule B, on occupiers of 

 farms, etc., 2|d. per cent, in the pound, equal 

 to 1.04 per cent. ; on the same classes in Scot- 

 land and Ireland, If d. in the pound, or about 0.71 

 per cent. ; under Schedules and D, embracing 

 incomes from other sources, 5d. per pound, equal 

 to 2.8 per cent. Incomes under 100 = $500 

 gold, are exempt, and from incomes of 200 = 

 $1,000, 60 = $300 is deducted. From crown 

 lands, 375,000 = $1,875,000 was expected ; 

 from the post-office, 4,880,000 = $24,400,- 

 000 ; and from miscellaneous sources, 3,000,- 

 000 = $15,000,000. Of the expenditures 26,- 

 700,000 = $133,500,000, was for the interest 

 and management of the national debt 1 - 

 700,000 = $8,500,000 gold, for the charges on 

 the consolidated fund, of which about 500,- 



)0 == $2,500,000 gold, was for the Queen's 

 civil list, or her personal income and the sup- 

 port of the royal household, and for annuities 

 and pensions to the Prince of Wales and other 

 members of the royal family this sum bein- 



independent of the Queen's private revenue as 

 Duchess of Lancaster, which is about $145,000 

 more, and of the Prince of Wales's income as 

 Duke of Cornwall, which is about $276,000 per 

 annum. 



The Army and Navy expenses are estimated 

 at 24,227,000 = $121,135,000, an unusually 

 small sum, the expenditure for these two de- 

 partments in the year ending March 30, 1869, 

 having been, including part of the cost of the 

 Abyssinian expedition, 31,366,545 = $156,- 

 832,725. 



The collection of the revenue was estimated 

 to cost 4,976,000 = $24,880,000. 



The packet service, 1,090,000 = $5,450,000, 

 and miscellaneous civil service estimates, in- 

 cluding the Churches of England, Scotland, and 

 Ireland, Education, British Museum, etc., 

 9,530,000 = $47,650,000. 



The national fiebt of the United Kingdom, 

 the interest and management of which con- 

 sumes about two-fifths of the gross income of 

 the kingdom in any given year, amounted in 

 1869, including the terminable annuities as 

 they stood that year, to 796,861,067=$3,984,- 

 305,335 in gold. The average share of each 

 individual of the population in the national 

 debt, in 1869, was 25 11s. 2d. = $127.79, and 

 in the annual interest, 17s. 7d. = $4.39. 



THE AEMY AND NAVY. 1. Army. The total 

 army force of the United Kingdom for the year 

 1869-'70 was 127,336 men, viz. : 7,578 com- 

 missioned officers; 13,398 non-commissioned 

 officers, trumpeters, and drummers, and 106,- 

 490 rank and file. The staff and departmental 

 officers numbered 875. The salary of the Field- 

 Marshal, General-commanding-in-chief (the 

 Duke of Cambridge) is 5, 999 =$30,000. (This 

 is aside from his annuity of 12,000=$60,000 

 as Duke of Cambridge.) The pay of a general 

 commanding an army is 3,458 =$17, 290; of 

 a general not in the field, 2,075=$10,375; 

 of a lieutenant-general, 1,383=$6,915; of a 

 major-general, 691 =$3,455; of a brigadier- 



feneral, 520=$2,600; of a colonel, 415 = 

 2,075. As most of the general officers are also 

 titular colonels of regiments, and draw pay for 

 that office, though the duties are performed by 

 a lieutenant-colonel, their pay is not so meagre 

 as may be supposed. Most of those who have 

 seen service have also some pension, annuity, 

 or special allowance, and as all but members 

 of the aristocratic families are practically ex- 

 cluded from the higher offices of the army, 

 they have usually other sources of income aside 

 from their military pay. 



The British forces in India, for the year 

 1869-'70, amounted to 63,707, of whom 3,596 

 were commissioned officers, 5,299 non-com- 

 missioned officers, and 54,812 rank and file. 



Aside from these two armies, there was pro- 

 vision made for four classes of reserve; the 

 disembodied militia, whose number was stated 

 to be 128,971; the yeomanry cavalry, 15,455; 

 the volunteers, 199,306, of whom but 174,548 

 were reckoned efficient ; and the army reserve, 



