320 



GREAT BRITAIN". 



istered sailing-vessels engaged in the home trade 

 for the year ending January 1, 1869, was 11,787, 

 of a burden of 804,749 tons, and employing 

 39,448 men^ exclusive of the masters. The num- 

 her of steam-vessels in the home trade the same 

 year was 729, of 153,265 tons' hurden, and em- 

 ploying 9,755 men. The number of sailing- 

 vessels, partly in the home and partly in the 

 foreign trade, was 1,432, of 240,921 tons' bur- 

 den, and employing 8,688 men ; of steam-vessels 

 in the same trade, 134, of 52,150 tons' burden, 

 and employing 2,339 men. In the foreign trade 

 exclusively, there were 7,306 sailing-vessels, 

 measuring 3,646,150 tons, and employing 105,- 

 704 men, and 862 steam-vessels, measuring 

 619,199 tons, and employing 31,568 men; 

 making a total of 22,250 vessels, of 5,516,434 

 tons' measurement, and employing 197,502 

 men. 



The total entrances and clearances of ship- 

 ping, British and foreign, at ports of the United 

 Kingdom, in the year ending January 1, 1869, 

 was of British vessels, 22,660,424 tons, and of 

 foreign 11,020,555 tons, making a total of 33,- 

 680,979 tons ; the British vessels being two to 

 one to those of all other nations put together. 

 The American tonnage entering British, or 

 indeed any other foreign ports, is very small, 

 less than one-third what it was before the war, 

 thanks to the depredations of the Alabama, 

 Shenandoah, etc. During the year 1868, 879 

 sailing-vessels and 232 steamers, with an aggre- 

 gate tonnage of 379,573 tons, were built in the 

 United Kingdom. The total number of vessels 

 belonging to the United Kingdom, January 1, 

 1869, was 40,299; tonnage, 7,235,702, and they 

 employed, including masters, 341,149 men. 



Textile Industry. The total import of cot- 

 ton into the United Kingdom in 1868 was 

 3,660,127 bales, or 1,328,084,016 Ibs. Of this, 

 915,120 bales, or 322, 620, 480 Ibs., were export- 

 ed. In the first six months of 1869, 1,581,953 

 bales were received, indicating an import for 

 the year of about 3,100,000 bales, or about 

 550,000 bales less than the preceding year. 



The import of wool in 1868 was 252,744,155 

 Ibs., and the export 105,070,311 Ibs., leaving 

 147,673,844 Ibs. of imported wool for home 

 consumption. To this is to be added the home 

 product, the amount of which is not stated. 



The imports of flax, hemp, and jute, during 

 1868, were very large in consequence of the par- 

 tial failure of the flax crop in Ireland and Scot- 

 land in the preceding year. Over $21,000,000 

 worth of flax were imported between January 

 and November, 1868, and very large quantities 

 of Manila, Russian, and East-India hemp and 

 jute. Yet neither the woollen nor the linen 

 manufacture yielded satisfactory returns to the 

 manufacturers. 



The imports of raw silk during the year 1868 

 were 6,837,362 Ibs., the greater part being Chi- 

 nese, Japanese, and Bengal silks ; the Persian, 

 Italian, and Brutia silk amounting, in all, to 

 less than 400,000 Ibs. The export of raw and 

 thrown silk was 4,050,000 Ibs. The prices 



were so high that nearly all the manufacturers 

 and importers lost money. In 1869 the im- 

 portation was still heavier, but with a some- 

 what better market. 



The number of persons employed in the sev- 

 eral branches of textile "industry in England 

 and Wales, in 1868, was 673,334. Of these, 

 357,052 were employed in cotton manufac- 

 tures ; 101, 938 in woollen; 128,410 in worsted; 

 39,956 in silk ; 21,859 in flax ; 1,330 in hemp ; 

 1,760 in jute ; 6,419 in hosiery ; 3,187 in shod- 

 dy; 828 in horsehair ; 19 in felt; 3,821 in elas- 

 tic goods; and 6,755 in lace. In Scotland and 

 Ireland, 184,630 persons are employed mainly 

 in the manufacture of cotton, woollen, and 

 linen goods. The totals for the United King- 

 dom in textile industries are, 6,417 factories ; 

 41,516,484 spindles; 549,365 power-looms; 



horse-power, , steam, 337,851, and water, 



29,830 ; total number of persons employed, 

 857,964. 



Minerals and Metals. The total production 

 of minerals and metals in the United Kingdom, 

 in the year 1868, was of the value of 43,525,- 

 524 = $217,627,620. The most important, both 

 in quantity and value of these products, was 

 coal, of which 103,141,157 tons were raised, of 

 the value of 25,785,289 = $128,926,445. Next 

 in value was pig-iron, of which 4,970,206 tons 

 were smelted, valued at 12,381,280=$61, 906,- 

 400. Of copper, 9,817 tons were produced, 

 valued at 761,602 = $3,808,010, and 157,335 

 tons of copper ore were raised, valued at 642,- 

 103 = $3,210,515; of lead, 71,017 tons were 

 produced, value 1,378,404 = $6,892,020, and 

 95,236 tons of lead ore were raised, value, 1,- 

 150,768 = $5,753,840; of tin ore, 13,953 tons 

 were raised, value, 770,205 = $3,851,025, and 

 9,300 tons of metallic tin produced, valued at 

 901,400 = $4,507,000. Of silver, 835,542 

 ounces, value, 229,773=$1,148,865. Of salt, 

 1,513,840 tons were produced, valued at 927,- 

 227= $4,636,135 ; of clays, fine and fire, 1,012,- 

 479 tons, of the value of 317,770 = $1,588,850. 



Emigration. The total number of emigrants 

 from the ports of the United Kingdom in 1868, 

 to all quarters, was 196,321. Of these, 155,532 

 came directly to the United States ; 21,062 to 

 British America (and the greater part very soon 

 to the United States) ; and 12,809 to the Aus- 

 tralian Colonies and New Zealand. Of these 

 196,321 emigrants, 58,268 were English, 14,954 

 Scotch, 64,961 Irish, and 51,956 foreigners, 

 while the origin of 6,182 was not distinguished ; 

 44,309 were married; 107,468 were single; 

 adults, 88,416 were children under 12 years 

 of age, and of these, 8,096 under one year. Of 

 the adults, 94,765 were men, and 57,012 women. 

 Of the men, 14,454 had trades; 7,258 were 

 farmers, 50,515 were general or agricultural 

 laborers, 7,171 were gentlemen, professional 

 men, and merchants. Of the women, 8,592 

 were domestic servants. In 1869, the emigra- 

 tion was much larger, owing to the continued 

 depression in many branches of business, and 

 it is likely to increase still further for some 



