322 



GREAT BRITAIN. 



many there were of these does not appear. 

 The number of vagrants reported by the con- 

 stabulary for the year ending March, 15, 1869, 

 was 68,036. The number had increased 5,962 

 from the previous year, and 18,664 in two 

 years. 



In Ireland, in 1868, 4,127 persons were com- 

 mitted for trial, of whom 2,394 were convict- 

 ed, and 1,709 acquitted. The summary trials 

 are not reported. 



The police force of England and "Wales, 

 which includes the metropolitan, city, and 

 borough police, and the county constabulary, 

 numbered in January, 1868, 26,073 persons, 

 and its entire cost for the year preceding, was 

 1,920,508=$9,602,540. The police force in 

 Scotland, in 1869, was 1,878. In June, 1869, 

 the police force in Ireland, including an extra 

 force of 137 men, for Cork city, was 12,994 

 men, and 380 horses. Its entire cost for the 

 year preceding was 899,872=$4,499,360. 



EDUCATION. The grant for popular educa- 

 tion in Great Britain, in 1869, was 840,711 = 

 $4,203,555, and in Ireland, 373,950=$1,869,- 

 750, making a total for the United Kingdom 

 of $6,073,305 for a population of over 30,000,- 

 000. The number of schools receiving annual 

 grants in Great Britain, September 1, 1868 

 (the latest report yet published), was 14,824, 

 besides which 748 were simply inspected, mak- 

 ing a total of 15,572 schools, an increase of 981 

 from the previous year. The number of certifi- 

 cated teachers was 13,387; of assistants 1,279; 

 and of pupil teachers 13,187. The capacity 

 of these schools for the accommodation of 

 scholars was about 2,400,000, but the attendance 

 at the time of inspection was 1,527,665 ; the 

 average attendance was 1,241,780, or about 

 five per cent, of the population. The main- 

 tenance of these elementary schools, in 1868, 

 cost 1,552,542=$7,762,750, of which 484,- 

 010=$2,420,050 was from the government ap- 

 propriation, and $5,342,660 from endowments, 

 scholars' fees, and the funds of the National 

 School Societies. These societies, numbering 

 194,745 members, paid, in 1868, for these ele- 

 mentary schools from their subscribed funds 

 492,941=$1,971,764, and in addition 144,- 

 547=$722,735 for building school-houses, and 

 28,540=$142,720 for the support of training- 

 colleges. Besides these annual-grant schools, 

 there are schools of an inferior grade not in- 

 spected, not taught by certificated teachers, 

 and receiving no portion of the government 

 grant, in which there are 1,017,632 scholars, 

 and 321,768 scholars taught in week-day schools 

 of a superior character, or, as we should say, 

 the higher grade of private schools. 



The expenditure for building school-houses 

 for the year- ending January 1, 1869, was 

 6179,010 = $895,050, of which 34,463 = 

 5172,315, was from public grants, and 144,547 

 = $722,735, subscribed privately or otherwise, 

 this last sum, 131,333 = $656,665, was for 

 Church-of-England schools. The character of 

 the teaching and the standard of attainment 



in these elementary schools is very low, though 

 improving, and better than in the schools not 

 taught by certificated teachers. Dictation-exer- 

 cises, reading, writing, and the elementary rules 

 of arithmetic, are the usual range of studies, and 

 even in these, a considerable proportion of the 

 scholars (20.7 per cent., the inspectors say) 

 cannot pass even the very low grade of exami- 

 nation instituted by the inspectors. The average 

 wages of certificated masters, from all sources, 

 were, in 1868, 91 6s. = $456.50 (about $38 per 

 month), and this was an advance of $21 on 

 1866. Of certificated mistresses of the highest 

 grade, the average salary was, in 1868, 56 2s. 

 = $280.50, an increase of $5.50 on 1866. Of 

 certificated mistresses of infant-schools, the 

 average salary, in 1868, was 54 16s. = $274, 

 an advance of $11.50 on 1866. Fifty-two per 

 cent, of the teachers had, in addition, a house 

 or lodgings (mostly in the country) rent-free. 



The buildings for Normal Schools have cost 

 445,977 = $2,229,885, of which 308,010 = 

 $1,540,050 was subscribed, and 137,967 = 

 $689,835 granted by the Government. The 

 expenditure for these for 1868 was 100,586 = 

 $502,930. There were 2,286 resident students, 

 906 male, 1,380 female; and 1,245 non-resi- 

 dents, 457 males, and 788 females. Of the 

 great endowed schools, the colleges and uni- 

 versities of the United Kingdom, a full account 

 has been given in previous volumes of the 

 ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA. 



RELIGIOUS STATISTICS. The Established 

 Church in England (Protestant Episcopal) is 

 governed by 2 archbishops, 26 bishops (24 of 

 them in the House of Lords), 30 deans, 71 arch- 

 deacons, 610 rural deans, and about 18,000 

 clergy of all classes. The incomes of the two 

 archbishops, 15,000 = $75,000, and 10,000 

 = $50,000, and of several of the bishops, are 

 large, but many of the 13,000 benefices have 

 but a small income. The whole annual income 

 of the Established Church is, in round num- 

 bers, about 5,000,000 = $25,000,000. The 

 church population is estimated at 12,500,000, 

 and there are 5,500,000 church-sittings avail- 

 able for them. The Established Church in 

 Ireland, which is to be disestablished in Janu- 

 ary, 1871, has about 700,000 members, 2 arch- 

 bishops, 10 bishops, and about 1,700 clergy. 

 There are also 45 colonial sees, with 2,106 

 clergy, and 6 missionary bishops. 



The Roman Catholic Church has in England 

 1 archbishop and 12 bishops, 67 communities, 

 232 convents, and 20 colleges, 1,690 clergy, 

 1,329 churches, with about two million adhe- 

 rents ; in Scotland, 1 archbishop and 2 bishops 

 \npartibus infidelium; in Ireland, 4' archbish- 

 ops, 24 bishops, 1,391 clergy, and 4,490,583 

 adherents. 



The Established Church of Scotland (Pres- 

 byterian) has 16 synods, 84 presbyteries, about 

 1,300 ministers, 1,250 churches, and 1,800 Sun- 

 day-schools, with 140,000 scholars. Its adher- 

 ents number about 1,500,000. Its annual con- 

 tributions for home and mission purposes are 



