352 



IMMIGEATIOK 



AVOWED DESTINATION OF PASSENGERS LANDED AT CASTLE GARDEN, FROM AUGUST 1, 1854, 



TO JANUARY 1, 1869. 



From the above statistics it will be seen 

 that the emigration from Ireland, during the 

 seven years immediately following 1847, was 

 unusually large, and that the tide of German 

 emigration, greater in 1851 than it had been 

 during any previous year, rapidly increased in 

 each of the three succeeding years. The years 

 1858 and 1859 as well as 1861 and 1862 show 

 a great decrease in the number of arrivals. 

 The causes of these results are explained by 

 Mr. Frederick Kapp, one of the Commissioners 

 of Emigration of the State of New York, who 

 has made the subject of immigration a special 

 study, in the following language : 



" The emigration from Ireland, which from 

 1844 rose much beyond its former proportions, 

 reached its culminating point after the great 

 famine of 1846. During the decade of 1845 

 to 1854 inclusive, in which period the highest 

 figures ever known in the history of emigra- 

 tion to the United States were reached, 1,512,- 

 100 Irish left the United Kingdom. In the 

 first half of that decade, viz., from January 



1, 1845, to December 31, 1849, 607,241 went 

 to the United States, and in the last half, viz., 

 from January 1, 1850, to December 31, 1854, 

 as many as 904,859 arrived in this country. 

 With this unprecedentedly large emigration 

 Ireland has exhausted herself. Since 1855 her 

 quota has fallen off to less than one-half of 

 the average of the preceding ten years. 



" Almost coincident, in point of time, with 

 this mighty exodus from Ireland was the colos- 

 sal emigration from Germany which followed 

 the failure of the political revolutions at- 

 tempted in 1848 and 1849. Already in 1845 

 and the following years the German contingent 

 of emigrants to the United States showed an 

 average twice as large as in the same space of 

 time previous to the year named. But a vol- 

 untary expatriation on a much larger scale re- 

 sulted from the final triumph of political re- 

 action. The coup d'etat of Louis Napoleon 

 closed for all Europe the revolutionary era 

 opened in 1848. .In the three years preceding 

 that event the issue of the struggle of the 



