364 



JAHN, OTHO. 



plans, to be laid before the Chamber toward the 

 end of January, 1870, are said to be : reduction 

 of the army and navy budget, and an increase 

 of direct taxes (including the one on real estate) 

 by ten per cent, by the aid of which measures 

 he expects to effect a saving of 60,000,000 lire. 

 The agitation in regard to taxes still continued 

 at the end of 1869. In the provinces of Verona, 

 Cuneo, Modena, Piacenza, Arezzo, Bologna, 

 Cremona, and Pavia, there were popular as- 

 semblages and demonstrations against the grist- 

 tax ; but the people were everywhere dispersed, 

 and order was restored without difficulty. 

 Riotous demonstrations were made by the 

 peasants at Borgo San Donino. Troops arrived, 

 several arrests were made, and order was 

 restored. At Pelago, in the province of Flor- 

 ence, some armed peasants attacked the town- 

 hall, which was defended by the National 

 Guard. One peasant was killed and several 

 were wounded. 



The King continues personally to be popular, 

 notwithstanding the violent agitations pre- 

 vailing against his administration. He accepted 

 the gold medal offered him by the committee 

 charged with the distribution of rewards to 

 those who have rendered services in the pro- 

 motion of public health. On the occasion of 

 his visit at Venice, to welcome the Empress Eu- 

 genie, in October, 1869, he was received most 

 enthusiastically. In November he fell seriously 

 ill, and his life even was despaired of on No- 

 vember 7th, so that the members of the royal 

 family were summoned to Florence. He re- 

 covered, however, and was received with great 

 warmth on his trip to Turin, and on his return 

 to the capital. 



According to a scheme laid before the Italian 

 Chamber by the Minister of War, for the re- 

 organization of the Italian army, there will be 

 an active army and a reserve. The yearly 

 contingent will consist of three divisions : the 

 first to serve twelve years, four in the ranks, 

 five on furlough, and three in the reserve ; and 

 the second and third to serve six years only. 

 The cavalry will serve five years in the ranks. 

 The first two divisions constitute the active 

 army, and the third the reserve. The privilege 

 of appointing substitutes is abolished, but ex- 

 emption by payment is still to be allowed in 

 exceptional cases. Under the new scheme the 

 yearly contingent will consist of 88,000 men, 

 one-half of whom will be placed in the first 

 division, and the entire strength of the active 

 army will be 400,000 men, of whom 270,000 

 could at once be sent into the field in case of 

 war. The reserve is to consist of 198,000 men. 

 In order not to exceed the fixed sum of 140,- 

 000,000 lire allowed for the military budget, 

 the effective strength of the army in time of 

 peace is to be 173,000. A reduction of the 

 army was talked of at the end of the year. 



Great progress is making with the Mont 

 Cenis Tunnel, the works being actively car- 

 ried on night and day, and there is every prob- 

 ability that the line will be opened in the 

 course of next year. To celebrate this event, 

 it has now been definitely decided that a Uni- 

 versal Exhibition shall be held at Turin in the 

 spring of 1872. 



A meeting of freethinkers, or radical anti- 

 papists, convened at Naples, on December 9th, 

 proved a failure, it having been dissolved by 

 the prefect. 



J 



JAIIN, Oxno, a German philologist, archae- 

 ologist, and critic, born in Kiel, Holstein, June 

 16, 1813; died at Leipsic, September 19, 1869. 

 After passing through the university course in 

 his native city, he went to Berlin in 1833, to 

 complete his studies under Lachmann and 

 Gerhard. Having received the degree of Doc- 

 tor of Philosophy in 1836, he spent consid- 

 erable time in study and travel in France and 

 Italy, and, returning to Kiel, commenced a 

 course of special instruction, as privat docent, 

 in archaeology and philology. In 1841 he pub- 

 lished, at Kiel, "Telephus and Troilus;" in 

 1842, "Pentheus and the Mcxmades; " and the 

 same year a little volume " In Memoriam Kel- 

 lermanni." In 1842 he was called to Greifs- 

 wald, as extraordinary, and soon after made 

 ordinary, professor of archaeology and phi- 

 lology. In 1847 he was called to the same 

 chair in the University of Leipsic, and was also, 

 until 1851, director of the Museum of Archae- 

 ology. In the last-named year he was de- 

 prived of both appointments, for having taken 

 part in the popular revolutionary movement 



of 1848-'49, and returned to private life, devot- 

 ing himself to his favorite pursuits. As an 

 archaeologist he published, besides many dis- 

 sertations and essays in Gerhard's Archaeologi- 

 cal Gazette, the following works : " The Pic- 

 ture of Polygnotus at Delphi," Kiel, 1841 ; 

 "Paris and (Enone," Greifswald, 1845; "Hel- 

 lenic Art," Greifswald, 1846; "Peitho, the 

 Goddess of Persuasion," Greifswald, 1847; 

 " Archaeological Dissertations," Greifswald, 

 1845; "Archaeological Studies," Greifswald, 

 1847; "The Cista of Ficoroni," Leipsic, 1852; 

 "Description of the Collection of Vases of 

 King Louis, in the Pinakothek of Munich," 

 with eleven plates, Munich, 1854. Among his 

 philological labors the principal were : critical 

 editions of Perseus (Leipsic, 1843 and 1852) ; 

 of Cemorinus (Berlin, 1845) ; of Florus (Leip- 

 sic, 1852) ; of Juvenal, the same year, and of 

 Cicero's Brutus andZte Oratore; otihe Psyche 

 and Cupid of Apuleius for an edition de luxe 

 of the later classics. Herr Jahn was also a 

 profound student of musical science, and a 

 constant contributor to the Musical Gazette of 



