546 



OHIO. 



abolished, and the duties devolved upon the 

 Secretary of State. The first annual statistical 

 report of that officer is a voluminous document, 

 though not full and complete in all its depart- 

 ments, owing to the inability of the secretary 

 to compel the proper returns in all cases. A 

 general review is made of the leading geologi- 

 cal features of the State. Sand is said not to 

 exist in unusual amount or unusual purity. 

 Clay is found in vast amount, in all its forms, 

 and has furnished a large share of the State 

 wealth. In carbonate of lime the State is un- 

 usually rich. Deposits of hydraulic cements 

 are known to exist, and more will probably be 

 found by the geological survey. Less than a 

 million dollars' worth of petroleum was found 

 during the year, in Washington, Athens, No- 

 ble, and Morgan Counties. In Cleveland about 

 1,000,000 barrels of petroleum were refined 

 during the year, and about 750,000 barrels 

 shipped. About 2,000,000 bushels of salt were 

 made during the year in the southeastern coun- 

 ties. Official returns show, that 208,746 tons 

 of iron were manufactured during the year. 

 The superficial coal area of Ohio has been 

 computed at 11,900 square miles. The coal 

 statistics for this year, furnished through offi- 

 cial sources, show that over fifty -five million 

 bushels were mined. It is probable that not 

 over two-thirds of the coal mined has been 

 reported, and that the amount actually mined 

 will not fall far short of seventy -five million 

 bushels. Prof. Taylor, in his work on " Coal 

 Statistics," published in 1854, estimates that, 

 in the ordinary method of computation, at 

 least twenty-three thousand millions of tons 

 of coal are available in the State of Ohio. 

 It is expected that the forthcoming geological 

 survey will furnish full and accurate informa- 

 tion of these coal-fields, now doubtless the 

 greatest source of wealth and power. 



The grape crop in Ohio, for the past two 

 years, has not been satisfactory to grape-grow- 

 ers. The official returns, although tolerably 

 satisfactory, are in some cases known to be 

 considerably below the actual figures. The 

 capacity of the grape to make wine may be 

 considered an important test of climate. Hum- 

 boldt says (" Cosmos," vol. i., p. 324) that, to 

 procure palatable wine, it is requisite that the 

 mean annual heat should exceed 49, that the 

 winter temperature should be upward of 33, 

 and the summer temperature upward of 64. 

 Meteorological observations, taken at Kelly 

 Island for the past ten years, show that the 

 average for that period, from 1859 to 1869, 

 is 49.92. At Cincinnati, where wine is also 

 made in large quantities, it will be observed 

 that the temperature of the winter is slightly 

 above the minimum required, the temperature of 

 the summer ten degrees higher, and the mean 

 temperature four degrees higher. Kelly Island 

 has been remarkable for its growth of the Ca- 

 tawba grape, which ripens here more perfectly 

 than in many localities two or three degrees far- 

 ther south. The whole lake-coast region from 



east of Cleveland to west of Sandusky Bay, a 

 distance of more than seventy miles, has been 

 regarded as well adapted to grape culture. 

 Last year, however, the grape crop on Kelly 

 Island was about half short, and this year only 

 about one-quarter crop was realized. The 

 grape crop along the entire lake region has 

 been a failure for the past two years, with the 

 exception of a strip of country from Cleveland 

 east, where the crop has been fair, but im- 

 perfectly ripened. About Cincinnati, where 

 the Catawba grape was formerly successfully 

 grown, its cultivation has been abandoned, 

 and the Ives, Concord, Delaware, and other 

 varieties, have been successfully substituted. 



In 1868, the culture of the grape was as fol- 

 lows: Acres planted, 2,357; acres in vineyard, 

 7,574. Pounds of grapes gathered, 2,937,737. 

 Gallons of wine pressed, 143,767. The crop 

 was 2,588,490 pounds less than in 1867, and 

 the falling-oif in gallons of wine pressed more 

 than one-half. Nearly three-fourths of the 

 entire grape crop of the State, in 1868, was 

 gathered in the five lake counties of Ash tabula, 

 Cuyahoga, Erie, Lorain, and Ottawa, and one 

 river county, Belmont. 



The reports made by township assessors for 

 1869 show the statistics of orchards for that 

 year, and of apples, peaches, and pears, for the 

 year 1868, in the State, as follows: 



Number of acres in orchards 342,212 



Bushels of apples produced 11,637,515 



" peaches " 599,499 



" pears " 66,712* 



The increase and decrease in the acres in 

 orchards and amount of fruit produced in 1868, 

 as compared with that of 1867, are as follows: 



Acres in orchards 8,640 decrease. 



Bushels apples produced. 1,913,623 increase. 

 u peaches " 760,105 decrease. 



" pears " 17,145i " 



The reports of the several county auditors, 

 based upon the returns of the assessors, show 

 the following statistics of the grain crops, 

 known as breadstuffs, for the year 1868: 



.,** Bushel?. 



Wheat 16,480,059 



Eye 815,666 



Buckwheat 562,256 



Corn 76,725,228 



Oats 19,058,852 



Barley 815,788 



Potatoes 7,449,247 



This shows an increase over the aggregate 

 grain crops of 1867 of 17,192,839 bushels, being 

 an increase in wheat, corn, oats, and pota- 

 toes, of 18,218,844 bushels, and a decrease of - 

 1,016,005 bushels in rye, buckwheat, and bar- 

 ley. An analysis of the agriculture of the 

 State for the last ten years shows the statistics 

 for 1868 to be: 



Wheat. Acres sown 1,456,734 



Bushels produced 16,480,059 



" Average per acre 11.31 



This shows an increase over the number of 

 acres sown in 1867 of 296,770 acres, and a 

 decrease of 247,280 acres as compared with 



