OHIO. 



551 



condemnation of every lover of liberty and constitu- 

 tional government. 



Resolved, That the numerous palpable and high- 

 handed usurpations of the party in power, their many 

 public and private acts of tyranny, trampling under 

 foot the civil law and the guarantees of the Constitu- 

 tion ; their continuing to deprive sovereign States of 

 representation in Congress, and to govern said States 

 by mere military rule, show them to be the party of 

 despotism, and unworthy the confidence and support 

 of a free people. 



Resolved, That we extend the right hand of fellow- 

 ship, and recognize as brethren in a common cause, 

 all conservative men, not heretofore Democrats, who 

 will unite with us in rescuing the Government from 

 the unworthy hands into which it has fallen, and we 

 pledge the united and cordial support of the two 

 hundred and fifty thousand Democrats in Ohio, whom 

 we represent, to the ticket nominated by this conven- 

 tion, and presented by us to the suffrages of the peo- 

 ple of Ohio. 



On the 14th of July a State Temperance 

 Convention was held in Mansfield, at which a 

 platform of prohibition of the manufacture and 

 sale of intoxicating liquors was adopted, and 

 the following State ticket nominated : for Gov- 

 ernor, J. E. Ingersol; Lieutenant-Governor, 

 Joshua Wadsworth; State Treasurer, T. Ed- 

 mondson ; Attorney-General, James A. Sumner ; 

 Judge of Supreme Court, G. T. Stewart ; mem- 

 ber of Board of Public Works, L. B. Silver. 



Mr. Ingersol declined the Temperance nomi- 

 nation for Governor, and Samuel Scott was 

 nominated in his stead. On the 8th of August 

 a dispatch was received from General Rose- 

 crans, then in California, declining the Dem- 

 ocratic nomination for Governor, and on the 

 llth the Central Committee nominated George 

 H. Pendleton for the office. The election took 

 place October 12th, when the entire Republican 

 ticket was elected. The vote on Governor 

 stood thus: K. B. Hayes (Rep.), 236,082; 

 G. H. Pendleton (Dem.), 228,581; S. Scott 

 (Prohibition), 629. At the same election a 

 Legislature was chosen. Republican and Dem- 

 ocratic straight tickets were run in all the 

 counties but Hamilton, and in a few localities 

 Prohibition legislative tickets were nominated. 

 In Hamilton County a " Reform " ticket, chosen 

 equally from the Republican and Democratic 

 parties, was successfully run against the straight 

 Republican ticket. The result of the election 

 was as follows: Senate Republicans, 18; 

 Democrats, 17 ; Reform, 2 ; total, 37. House 

 Republicans, 53 ; Democrats, 49 ; Reform, 10 ; 

 total, 112. Dividing the "Reform" members 

 according to their party antecedents, the Re- 

 publicans have a majority of one in the Senate, 

 and four in the House. 



The geological survey of the State, authorized 

 by the law passed in March, was entered upon 

 in June. Prof. Newberry, the State Geologist, 

 immediately on his confirmation organized his 

 corps and allotted to the members different 

 fields of labor, Mr. J. H. Klippart, Secretary of 

 the State Board of Agriculture, being charged 

 with the investigation of the surface soil in its 

 relation to agricultural purposes. In addition 

 to the regular corps, seven volunteers were 



employed on the survey, all experienced men, 

 and five of them graduates of the School of 

 Mines in New York, whose only compensa- 

 tion was their travelling expenses. A portion 

 of these investigated the manufacturing inter- 

 ests, especially in relation to iron and coal. 

 The summer was mainly employed in blocking 

 out the work through the State, and mapping 

 its surface geologically. One of the imme- 

 diately valuable results of the survey was the 

 discovery of large deposits of water-lime with- 

 in the State. 



The development of the stone interest of the 

 northern part of the State has been greater 

 during this year than at any previous time, 

 several new quarries having been opened. The 

 quarries from which are taken the grindstones, 

 that have long formed an important item of 

 commerce, and the building-stone, that has 

 recently become widely known as Cleveland 

 stone, or Ohio stone, are situated in the coun- 

 ties of Cuyahoga and Lorain, not far from 

 Cleveland. The stratum of rock principally 

 worked is known as "grindstone grit," and is 

 a gray sand-rock, free from pebbles, and of 

 varying thickness. It is of a light-gray color, 

 generally free from coloration by iron, works 

 easily, splits and breaks very true into large 

 and perfect blocks, and, being nearly pure silex, 

 is wholly indestructible by exposure. Colonel 

 Whittlesey, who thoroughly examined the stra- 

 ta of this part of the State as a member of 

 the former geological survey, reported it un- 

 equalled in value for grindstone and building 

 purposes by any thing in the Northern States. 

 Grindstones were made from the ledges on 

 Vermillion River, in Lorain County, in 1798, 

 within two years after the settlement of the 

 Western Reserve. 



The principal quarries are at Berea, twelve 

 miles from Cleveland, from which comes 'the 

 greater portion of the grindstones, and re- 

 cently a large part of the building-stone ; at 

 Independence, eight miles from Cleveland ; at 

 Lake Abram, between two and three miles 

 from Berea ; and at Amherst and Brownhelm, 

 in Lorain County, about twenty miles from 

 Cleveland. The texture and color of the stone 

 vary slightly in the different localities. The 

 Berea stone is of a light gray tinged with blue, 

 and lies horizontally in sheets varying in thick- 

 ness from one foot to ten feet, on either side 

 of Rocky River, even with the bed of the 

 stream. The rock is generally worked to a 

 depth of from twenty to twenty-five feet, the 

 thin upper layers being used for common flag- 

 ging, the thicker layers next succeeding for 

 grindstones and bridge-building, and the under 

 sheets, varying from seven to ten feet in thick- 

 ness, for the finest building-work and statuary. 

 The Berea block-stone was introduced into 

 New York City as a building-stone in 1866, and 

 met with so much favor that a large demand 

 for it sprang up. A great number of impor- 

 tant buildings in the Atlantic States and Cana- 

 da have since been built or trimmed with it, 



