603 



EOGET, PETEE M. 



EOMAN CATHOLIC CHUECH. 



While making measurements in connection 

 with this, one of his feet was terribly crushed 

 by a Fulton ferry-boat, and the accident in- 

 duced tetanic spasms, which terminated fatally 

 after a few weeks of intense suffering. 



EOGET, PETER MABK, M.D., F. E. S., an 

 eminent physician, philologist, and author, 

 born in London in 1779 ; died there, Septem- 

 ber 12, 1869. He was the only son of the Eev. 

 John Eoget, a minister of one of the Swiss 

 churches in London, was educated at the Uni- 

 versity of Edinburgh, where he took the de- 

 gree of M. D., in 1798. The following six 

 years were spent in the practice of his profes- 

 sion. In 1804 he established himself in Man- 

 chester, where he was appointed Physician to 

 the Infirmary. Four years later he removed 

 to London, where he resided until his death. 

 Here he won a reputation in his profession, 

 and ranked high in the medical world. The 

 formation of the " Northern Dispensary " was 

 mainly owing to his exertions, and for many 

 years he held the post of physician to that in- 

 stitution. In 1811 he was chosen one of the 

 secretaries of the Medical and Chirurgical 

 Society of London, and in 1829 and 1830 was 

 elected president. In 1814 a valuable paper 

 contributed by him to the Eoyal Society ob- 

 tained for him a fellowship in that institu- 

 tion, and, upon the retirement of Sir John 

 Herschel from the office of senior secretary of 

 the society, Dr. Eoget was appointed his suc- 

 cessor, and held that position for twenty years 

 with marked ability and success. He was the 

 first Fullerian Professor of Physiology in the 

 University of London, of the senate of which 

 body he was one of the original members. Al- 

 though his practice was large and his skill in 

 his profession great, Dr. Eoget was less widely 

 known as a practitioner than as an author. As 

 a contributor to numerous reviews and maga- 

 zines he earned an enviable reputation. As a sci- 

 entific writer, his work on " Animal and Vege- 

 table Physiology," first published in 1834, ex- 

 hibited his extensive learning and deep re- 

 search. Numerous treatises on scientific sub- 

 jects which he wrote, and which were pub- 

 lished by the Society for the Diffusion of 

 Useful Knowledge, were models of erudition, 

 and did great service to science in their day ; 

 but the greatest of his literary productions is 

 undoubtedly his " Thesaurus of English Words 

 and Phrases." As far back as 1804 he had 

 projected it, but found no time to make other 

 than " a classed catalogue of words on a small 

 scale" for his own use. After his retirement 

 from the duties of secretary of the Eoyal So- 

 ciety, however, he devoted himself to the com- 

 pilation, working incessantly at it for a period 

 of four years. This book was first published 

 in 1854, when the venerable author had passed 

 his seventy-third year. It was received with 

 great favor, and at once assumed the position 

 of a standard medium of reference. At the 

 time of his death he was engaged in revising 

 the work for a twentieth edition, 



EOMAtf CATHOLIC CHURCH.* The 

 Pope, Pius IX. (before his elevation to the Pa- 

 pal See, Giovanni Maria di Mastai Ferretti), was 

 born at Sinigaglia on the 13th of May, 1792 ; 

 elected Pope on the death of Gregory VI. in 

 1846, and crowned on the 21st of June of that 

 year. According to the list of Pontiffs, given 

 in the official Annuario Pontificio, he is the 

 257th Bishop of Eome. 



There were in December, 1869, 55 cardinals, 

 of whom 5 were cardinal bishops (one see 

 being vacant), 42 cardinal priests, and 8 car- 

 dinal deacons ; 39 were Italians by birth, and 

 only 16 non-Italians ; 7" French, 4 Spanish, 3 

 Germans, 1 Portuguese, 1 Irish. 



According to the Annuario Pontiftcio for 

 1869, there were 12 patriarchs of the Latin and 

 Oriental rite, 12 Latin archbishops immedi- 

 ately dependent upon the Holy See, 120 with 

 ecclesiastical provinces, 7 Oriental archbishops ; 

 total, 139 archbishops. Of Latin bishops, there 

 are six called suburbicarians, always cardinals 

 with sees near Eomfe ; 84 immediately subject 

 to the Holy See, and 570 with dioceses ; 66 

 bishops of the Oriental rite ; total, 723 (against 

 714 in 1868). Pope Pius IX. has during his 

 pontificate elevated to the metropolitan dignity 

 20 sees, and erected 6 archbishoprics and 112 

 bishoprics. Archbishops' sees in partibus, 36; 

 bishops' sees in partibus, 198. The vacant sees 

 are: 1 patriarchal, 9 archiepiscopal, 100 epis- 

 copal; those occupied amount to 747 patri- 

 archal and residental, and 234 in partibus. 

 There are 135 apostolic delegations, vicariates, 

 and prefectures, besides which the present Pope 

 has created 32 similar offices. 



The Catholic Church in the United States, in 

 1869, had 7 archbishops, 45 bishops, 7 vicars 

 apostolic, 3,505 priests^ A large portion of 

 the Catholics consists of Germans. According 

 to a valuable statistical work published by the 

 Eev. E. A. Eeiter (Schematismus der Tcaih. 

 deutschen GeistlichTseit in den Vereinigten Staa- 

 ten Nord-Americas, New York, 1869), there 

 were, in 1869, 6 German bishops (their number 

 has since been increased to 9) ; 1,160 German 

 priests ; 705 German and 51 mixed (German 

 and English) congregations; 1,447,111 Catholic 

 Germans, 62,392 annual baptisms of Catholic 

 German children, 133,322 scholars of German 

 Catholic schools. The author of this work 

 regards the usual estimate of a Eoman Catholic 

 population of 5,000,000 as too high, and thinks 

 that it does not exceed 3,354,000. The num- 

 ber of Catholic German periodicals amounts 

 to ten. 



The British dominions had, in 1869 (according 

 to the London Catholic Directory for 1870), 

 9 archbishoprics, 70 bishoprics (against 69 in 

 1869), 31 vicariates apostolic (against 32 in 

 1869). The ecclesiastical statistics of Great 



* See fuller details on the patriarchates, archbishoprics, 

 bishoprics, religions orders, the statistics of the several 

 dioceses of the United States, the ecclesiastical provinces 

 of America, in the AMEMCAN ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 

 1868. 



