TELEICONOGRAPHY. 



TENNESSEE. 



661 



which has since continued without interrup- 

 tion. 



TELEICONOGRAPHY, OB THE DRAWING 

 OF DISTANT OBJECTS. M. Revoil, an architect 

 well known in France, from having had charge 

 of the restoration of the Roman remains at 

 Montpellier, Toulon, and Nhnes, has recently 

 been engaged in a special study of the early 

 architecture of the southern provinces of the 

 ancient kingdom. In the course of his at- 

 tempts to arrive at exactitude of definition, by 

 the aid at one time of the camera lucida, and 

 at another of the telescope, he has been in- 

 duced to make experiments as to the combina- 

 tion of the principles of the two instruments. 

 The result of this effort M. Revoil has called 

 the Teleiconographe. 



The principle of this instrument is that of 

 allowing the image transmitted by the object- 

 glass of a telescope to pass through a prism 

 connected with the eye-piece. The rays of 

 light, that would in the ordinary use of the tele- 

 scope be transmitted direct to the eye, are re- 

 fracted by this prism, and thrown down upon 

 a table placed below the eye-piece. The 

 distance between the prism and the table 

 determines the size of the image projected on 

 the latter, and it is easy for the observer to 

 trace, on a paper placed on this sketching- 

 table, the actual outlines indicated by the re- 

 fracted light. 



The idea once grasped, it is easy to work out 

 the details. The telescope is fixed on a stand 

 with screws and clamps, allowing of both hori- 

 zontal and vertical motion, as it may often be 

 necessary to give traverse to the instrument, 

 in order to make a connected drawing of a 

 larger area than can be included in the object- 

 glass at one view. In fact, an entire panorama 

 can be traced, if the relative positions of the 

 axis of the telescope and the surface of the 

 sketching-table are undisturbed. 



M. Revoil's eye-piece might be adapted to 

 the ordinary theodolite, so that any person 

 who possesses one of these instruments may, 

 at a small expense, obtain a good sketching- 

 apparatus. 



The advantage possessed by the teleicono- 

 graph over the camera lucida is manifest. 

 The size of the image may be determined at 

 will by the person who uses the former, with- 

 out any diminution of accuracy. The croquis 

 for a lithograph of the summit of one of the 

 towers of Notre-Dame de Paris was taken, by 

 means of the instrument of M. Revoil, at the 

 distance of about 300 metres. It is twelve 

 inches long. A sketch taken by the aid of a 

 camera lucida is drawn alongside, and is only 

 one inch in length, or one-twelfth part of the 

 linear measure of the bold outline of the 

 teleiconogram. Two mountain-peaks, in Pro- 

 vence, sketched ^by aid of the same apparatus, 

 show how admirably it can be applied to the 

 sketching of country. For the purpose of 

 military surveying, its services promise to be 

 of the utmost value. 



The teleiconograph insures certitude in 

 drawing, but it does not draw. It is an aid to 

 the artist, not a self-acting substitute for his 

 eye and hand. The sharp, bold touch of a 

 master of the art of drawing will be as distinct 

 from the feeble peddling of an inferior work- 

 man, when the refracting prism is used, as 

 when free-hand sketching is resorted to. The 

 division of attention between the object and 

 the copy, which is often so painful, will be 

 entirely avoided by the use of this instrument. 

 In the hands of a true artist the result will be 

 every way admirable exact as a photograph, 

 without the distortion of all those parts of the 

 field which are distant from the centre, and at 

 the same time marked by all the peculiarity of 

 touch proper to the master. 



TENNESSEE. The disorders which were 

 prevalent in several localities in the State of 

 Tennessee at the close of 1868 continued to dis- 

 turb the tranquillity of the community during 

 the early part of the past year. Popular senti- 

 ment throughout the State condemned these 

 outrages as the acts of a band of outlaws, armed 

 and disguised, whose deeds of violence were 

 productive of excitement among the people, 

 and a source of great damage to the com- 

 mercial interests of the State. In several 

 counties meetings were held, composed of men 

 of all parties, and resolutions deprecating the 

 prevalent spirit of violence were passed, of 

 which the following may be regarded as a 

 specimen : 



Whereas, The people of Bedford County, without 

 distinction of party, desire the repose and safety 

 of society, and the security of property and life, and 

 the maintenance of civil law : therefore be it 



Resolved, That we most earnestly condemn, and 

 will persistently oppose, all secret or open organiza- 

 tions, in resistance to the civil law ; ana we condemn 

 in unmeasured terms the practice of an organization 

 known as the Ku-klux Klan, or any set of men who 

 assume disguise and prowl over the country, creating 

 terror and excitement, or who write anonymous let- 

 ters, or who are threatening innocent parties with re- 

 taliation ; and we hereby pledge ourselves to use 

 every persuasive and peaceaole effort in our power to 

 put down all lawlessness of whatever character, no 

 matter who may be the perpetrators. 



As the efforts of the civil authorities for the 

 preservation of peace seemed to be ineffectual, 

 Governor Brownlow deemed a resort to ex- 

 treme measures necessary, and on the 20th of 

 January issued a proclamation, in which, after 

 stating that " there exist, in the middle and 

 western divisions of this State, lawless bands 

 of desperadoes, who are setting at defiance 

 civil law, and who, by threats and acts of vio- 

 lence, are forcing many of our citizens to 

 leave their homes;" and that, "in certain lo- 

 calities in those divisions of the State named, 

 it is entirely impossible for the civil officers of 

 the State to enforce the laws thereof," he calls 

 upon " all good and loyal citizens to enter the 

 ranks of the State Guards, and be mustered 

 into service, and assist in putting down these 

 lawless combinations and proceedings, and 

 bringing the offenders" to justice, so aiding to 



