TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



667 



EAILEOAD DEBT: 



State bonds loaned $26,412,000 



Bonds indorsed by the State 2,196,000 



Funded interest 3,213,046 



Interest to July 1, 1866 2,306,477 



Total $34,127,523 



In addition to which the State has loaned to 

 tuunpike-roads $545,000 in bonds, and has 

 assumed claims of the United States against 

 the Edgefield and Kentucky Railroad, and the 

 Memphis and Clarksville Railroad, amounting 

 in the aggregate to $511,560.24. The estimated 

 receipts into the Treasury for the fiscal year 

 ending October 1, 1870, are stated at $1,555,- 

 382, and the expenditures, including the inter- 

 est on $18,099,000 bonds, at $1,500,000, in- 

 dicating an excess of receipts over expenditures 

 amounting to $55,382. In referring to the 

 finances of the State in his last message to the 

 Legislature, Governor Senter said : 



With a return, under economy, to our ^ average 

 annual expenditures preceding the war, in State 

 government proper, so saving about $400,000 ; with 

 largely-increased revenues from polls, by universal 

 enfranchisement; with all causes for State Guards 

 and other extraordinary expenses by the State for- 

 ever removed, I trust ; and with confidence and satis- 

 faction in the hearts of the people at such results, I 

 feel thoroughly convinced the small deficit in our 

 revenues, needed to enable prompt resumption of 

 interest payments on our public debt and, at the 

 same time, provide a sinking fund adequate to dis- 

 charge it at maturity, can be easily supplied by your 

 wisdom, with out in the least discontenting the people 

 by undue taxation. 



TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 

 The number of organized Territories is nine, 

 viz., Arizona, Colorado, Dakota, Idaho, Mon- 

 tana, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, and 

 Wyoming. Besides these, there is the Un- 

 organized Indian Territory, and the District of 

 Columbia. The vast tract purchased from Rus- 

 sia, known as Alaska, has been annexed as a 

 county to Washington Territory, by the Forty- 

 first Congress, at its session 1869-'70. The open- 

 ing of the Union and Central Pacific Railroads 

 in 1869, the energetic prosecution of work on 

 the Northern Pacific, and the progress made on 

 the Kansas Pacific and Southern Pacific, have 

 greatly stimulated emigration to the Territories, 

 and it will not be long before three or four of 

 them wili be asking admission to the sisterhood 

 of States. The exploration of the Colorado 

 River by Captain Powell and his party in the 

 summer of 1869, elsewhere described (see GEO- 

 GEAPHIOAL EXPLORATIONS), has thrown much 

 light on the geological structure, climate, soil, 

 and capabilities, of the extraordinary region 

 through which that river cuts its way. The 

 agriculture and mineral productions, especially 

 of gold, silver, iron, lead, and coal, of the Ter- 

 ritories, are in process of rapid development, 

 and although in Dakota, Montana, New Mexico, 

 Arizona, and some sections of Idaho and Wyo- 

 ming, there are some Indian troubles, the 

 measures taken by the Government, and the 

 progress of the railroads, will speedily remove 

 these. 



Arizona. This Territory lies between the 

 31st and 37th parallels of latitude, and the 32d 

 and 38th meridians west from Washington. It 

 has Utah on the north, New Mexico on the 

 east, Mexico on the south, and California and 

 Nevada on the west. Its area is estimated at 

 130,800 square miles. The Colorado River and 

 its affluents drain the northern and north- 

 western portions of the Territory, and the main 

 stream forms the greater part of its western 

 boundary. The southern and southeastern 

 portions are drained by the Gila and its tribu- 

 taries. The greater part of the Territory is an 

 elevated plateau, from 3,000 to 8,000 feet above 

 the sea-level, with occasional bluffs, and vol- 

 canic cones, rising from 500 to 2,500 feet above 

 the plateau. These lofty table-lands are riven 

 almost to the sea-level by the canons of the 

 Colorado, and its affluents, the Grand, Green, 

 Colorado, Chiquito, and San Juan Rivers, and 

 in the south and southeast by the more open 

 valleys of the Gila and its branches. Much of 

 it is dry and parched for the want of water, rain 

 seldom falling, and being drained rapidly into 

 the river canons. There are, however, abundant 

 evidences that it was, five or six hundred years 

 ago, a fertile and populous country, with nu- 

 merous walled towns, and a considerable de- 

 gree of civilization. It is believed by the set- 

 tlers that, by means of artesian wells and irriga- 

 tion, its fertility can be restored, and it can 

 again become densely inhabited. Its mineral 

 wealth is very great, and during the year 1869 

 many rich lodes were opened. In those portions 

 of the Territory where irrigation can be prac- 

 tised, or where, as in the valley of the Gila, 

 there is sufficient moisture, the crops are ex- 

 cellent, and the cereals yield abundantly. The 

 Territory had raised nearly all the grain con- 

 sumed there, including a supply for the half- 

 dozen United States forts within its limits. 

 Fruit-raising has been very successful wherever 

 it was tried. The Apache Indians are trouble- 

 some, but the other tribes are generally friendly. 

 There was during the year a considerable in- 

 crease in the number of new settlements, and 

 the value of taxable property was increased 

 about twenty-five per cent. As no portion of 

 the Territory has yet been surveyed by the 

 Government, the settlers can only preempt 

 their land. 



Colorado. Area, 105,675 square miles. Pop- 

 ulation estimated at 110,000 in 1869. Capital, 

 Central City. Governor, General Edw. McCook. 

 The Territory has nineteen counties, viz. : Lar- 

 imer, Weld, Boulder, Arapahoe, Douglas, Jeffer- 

 son, Gilpin, Clear Creek, Summit, Park, Lake, 

 Saguache, Conejos, Costilla, Huerfano, Las 

 Animas, Fremont, Puebla, and El Paso. The 

 Kansas Pacific Railroad, eastern division, is in 

 rapid progress to Denver, and arrangements 

 have been entered into between that road and 

 the Denver Pacific Railroad, by which they are 

 to prosecute their enterprises together, and 

 unite their rolling-stock for the working of 

 their several roads. They have also in progress 



