ALSACE AND LORRAINE. 



15 



1841 he published a critical work, " Chapters 

 on the Poets of Greece," and the same year 

 was Hulsean Lecturer to the University of Cam- 

 bridge, his subject being " The Divine Reve- 

 lation of Redemption." He was appointed 

 Examiner in Logic and Moral Philosophy to 

 the University of London in 1841, and held 

 the office till 1857. From 1853 to 1857 he 

 resided in London, and was officiating minister 

 at the Quebec-Street Chapel, where he enjoyed 

 a high reputation for eloquence. On the death 

 of Dean Lyall, in 1857, Lord Palmerston ap- 

 pointed him Dean of Canterbury, and in that 

 office he remained till his death. For at 

 least ten years before becoming Dean of Can- 

 terbury, Mr. (now Dr.) Alford had been turn- 

 ing his attention in the direction of philology 

 and biblical criticism. His researches on the 

 improvement and correction of the Greek text 

 of the New Testament were very thorough and 

 deliberate. In 1849 he published the first 

 volume of his commentary on the Greek Tes- 

 tament, and the fourth and last in 1861. It has 

 gone through several improved editions, em- 

 bodying the latest discoveries of Tischendorf, 

 Tregelles, and others. The sixth edition of the* 

 first volume had been published before his death. 

 Besides the edition with the Greek text, he 

 published the Commentary for English readers, 

 substituting a revision of the authorized version 

 for the original, both in the text and the com- 

 ments. He also issued a Greek Testament, in 

 one volume, with very brief notes for schools, 

 and a separate edition of his English New Tes- 

 tament (1869). He had made arrangements 

 for a similar Commentary on the Old Testa- 

 ment, with the aid of other scholars ; but this 

 will probably be relinquished. The Commen- 

 tary, or, as it is generally called, "Alford's Greek 

 Testament," contains a corrected Greek text, 

 with a pretty full critical apparatus on the 

 principles of modern criticism since Lachmann. 

 The explanatory notes are brief, condensed, 

 judicious, critical, and pervaded by a Christian 

 and devout spirit. He has mastered and di- 

 gested the immense material and brought it 

 within reasonable limits and into readable 

 shape for the theological student. He has 

 made free and judicious use of the best German 

 critics and commentators, especially De Wette, 

 Meyer, Liicke, Tholuck, Olshausen, and Stier. 

 Of Dr. Alford's other literary labors we may 

 speak more briefly. He had published two or 

 three volumes of sermons ; a fourth edition of 

 his complete poetical works (in 1863) ; a hymn- 

 book entitled " The Year of Praise" (1867) ; a 

 Prayer-book entitled "The Year of Prayer" 

 (1868) ; and a little book thrown off in a hurry, 

 and not quite so carefully written as it should 

 have been, called "The Queen's English." 

 This was sharply reviewed by Mr. Moon, in 

 " The Dean's English," and the dean retorted 

 in " Mr. Moon's English." He was also the 

 founder and for some years editor of The Con- 

 temporary Review. 

 ALSACE AND LORRAINE. As was ex- 



pected at the end of 1870,* one of the principal 

 conditions on which the Government of Ger- 

 many insisted in concluding peace with France 

 was the cession of Alsace and the German- 

 speaking portion of Lorraine. In Article I. of 

 the preliminary peace concluded at Versailles 

 on February 26, 1871, the new demarcation- 

 line was determined upon as follows : 



France relinquishes all its rights and claims, in. 

 favor of the German Empire, on that territory which 

 lies east of the following boundary : The line of de- 

 marcation commences on the northwestern boundary 

 of the canton Cattenom. toward the grand-duchy of 

 Luxemburg ; follows in a southern direction the 

 western boundaries of the cantons Cattenom and 

 Thionville ; intersects the canton Briey in running 

 along the western boundaries of the communes Mon- 

 tois-la-Montagne and Eoncourt, as well as the east- 

 ern boundaries of the communes Marie-aux-Chenes, 

 Saint-Ail, and Habonyille ; touches the frontier of the 

 canton Gorze, which it intersects on the boundaries 

 of the communes Vionville, Bounieres, and Onville ; 

 follows the southern boundary of the arrondisse- 

 ment Metz, the western boundary of the arrondisse- 

 ment Chateau Salins, to the commune Pettoncourt, 

 whose western and southern boundary it encloses ; 

 and then follows the crest of the mountains lying be- 

 tween the Seille and Moncel to the boundary of the 

 arrondissement Saarbufg south of Garde. Then the 

 line of demarcation coincides with the boundary of 

 this arrondissement up to the commune Tauconville, 

 whose northern boundary it touches. Thence it fol- 

 lows the crest of the mountains between the sources 

 of the Sarre Blanche and of the Vezouze to the boun- 

 dary of the canton Shirmeck ; passes along the west- 

 ern boundary of this canton, encloses the communes 

 Saales, Bourg-Bruche, Calroy-la-Eoche, Plaine, Ean- 

 rupt, Saulxurcs and St.-Blaise-la-Eoche in the can- 

 ton Saales ; and then coincides with the western 

 boundary of the departments Haut-Ehin and Bas- 

 Ehin up to the canton Belfort. It leaves the south- 

 ern boundary of this canton near Vouvenans. inter- 

 sects the canton Delle at the southern boundary of 

 the communes Bourogne and Froide-Fontaine, and 

 reaches the Swiss frontier, in passing along the east- 

 ern boundary of the communes Jonchery and Delle. 

 The boundary-line as designated has, however, been 

 changed as follows, with consent of the contracting 

 powers : In the former department of the Mosello 

 the villages Marie-aux-Chenes, near St.-Privat-la- 

 Montagne, and Vionville, to the west of Eezonville, 

 are ceded to Germany. On the other hand, the city 

 and fortress of Belfort, with a rayon to be deter- 

 mined upon, remain with France. 



Article I. of the permanent treaty of peace, 

 signed on May 10, 1871, contains the follow- 

 ing: 



The distance from the city of Belfort to the boun- 

 dary-line, as was originally proposed at the negotia- 

 tion of Versailles, and is designated on the map an- 

 nexed to the ratified documents of the prelimina- 

 ries of the 26th of February, is regarded as decisive 

 for the rayon which, according to the respective 

 clause of the first article of the preliminaries of peace, 

 shall remain with France, with the city and fortress 

 of Belfort. The German Government is willing to 

 enlarge this rayon in such a manner that it shall in- 

 clude the cantons of Belfort, Delle, and Giromagny, 

 as well as the western part of the canton Fontaine, 

 westward of a line from the point where the Ehino- 

 Ehune Canal leaves the canton Delle, in the south 



* See the preceding volume of th AMERICAN ANNUAL 

 CYCLOPEDIA for statistics of the two General Govern- 

 ments of "Alsace and Lorraine," organized in 1870 bv 

 the German Government, as well as the population of all 

 the towns containing upward of 5,000 inhabitants. 



