40 



ARMY, UNITED STATES. 



hernia is 3,183. This is to the whole number 

 paid for injuries as 1 to 23.29, or 4.29 per cent. 



A permanent military post has been estab- 

 lished at Fort Snelling, in Minnesota. 



The operations of the army during the year 

 have been confined chiefly to making surveys 

 and observations, protecting settlers against 

 the depredations of Indians, or assisting Gov- 

 ernment officials in the South in enforcing the 

 laws. The battalion of engineers has been re- 

 duced to 554 enlisted men. They are concen- 

 trated now at Willett's Point and West Point, 

 New York. Considerable progress has been 

 made in river and harbor improvements, the 

 construction of light-houses, and surveys on 

 the lakes and the sea-coast. A commission to 

 make investigations concerning the Sutro Tun- 

 nel and the mines of the Comstock lode was 

 authorized by act of Congress on the 4th of 

 April, and Lieutenant-Colonels H. G. "Wright 

 and John G. Foster, and' Prof. Wesley New- 

 comb, were subsequently appointed there- 

 on. Their work was completed before the 

 end of the year, but no report of the results 

 had been rendered. A geological survey is 

 also in progress along what is called the cen- 

 tral route to the Pacific. The observations 

 and reports at various signal-stations, for the 

 benefit of commerce, have been conducted 

 with success. In the month of October the 

 display of cautionary signals announcing the 

 probable approach of storms was commenced 

 at twenty different ports on the lakes, the At- 

 lantic coast, and the Gulf of Mexico. The sig- 

 nals are so arranged as to be displayed at any 

 hour of the day or night on receipt of warn- 

 ings by telegraph from the Signal Service Bu- 

 reau at Washington. 



About one-sixth of the military force of the 

 nation has been retained in the Southern States 

 to assist in carrying out the act of Congress of 

 April 20, 1871, known as the u Enforcement 

 Act." ^ After the passage of this law, orders 

 were issued from the War Department to the 

 following effect : 



That, whenever occasion shall arise, the regular 

 force of the United States, stationed in the vicinity 

 of any locality where offences described by the afore- 

 said act, approved April 20, 1871, may be committed, 

 shall, in strict accordance with the provisions of said 

 act, be employed by their commanding officers in as- 

 sisting the authorized civil authorities of the United 

 States^in making ^ arrests of persons accused under 

 the said act ; and in preventing the rescue of persons 

 arrested for such cause ; in breaking up and dispers- 

 ing bands of marauders and of armed organizations 

 against the peace and quiet or the lawful pursuits of 

 the citizens in any State. 



The military forces were occasionally called 

 npon by the United States marshals to aid in 

 making arrests and protecting tribunals before 

 which alleged offenders against the enforce- 

 ment act were tried. 



The Indians were comparatively peaceable 

 during the year, with the exception of those be- 

 longing to the Apache tribe in Arizona. These 

 committed many outrages upon the inhabitants 



of the Territory, and upon travellers passing 

 through. Many instances were reported of 

 attacks on dwellings and parties of laborers. 

 Property was stolen or destroyed, cattle driven 

 off, and in many cases men, women, and children 

 killed. The Department of Arizona belongs to 

 the Division of the Pacific, which is under the 

 command of General Schofield, with his head- 

 quarters at San Francisco. In the early part of 

 the year, General Stoneman had the immediate 

 command of the department, with a small force 

 of troops, but he succeeded indifferently in 

 protecting the people from the attacks of In- 

 dians, and much fault was found with his con- 

 centrating his troops at one or two posts, and 

 abandoning others that were regarded by the 

 people as essential to their security. On one 

 occasion the people became so exasperated at 

 the continued atrocities of the Apaches, and 

 the failure of the military to punish them, that 

 they took the matter into their own hands and 

 wreaked a terrible vengeance upon the offend- 

 ers. A few hundred Apaches had been gath- 

 ered near Camp Grant, where they were fed 

 by the officers, on condition of desisting from 

 warfare upon the whites. Some of the Indians 

 appear to have been guilty of depredations and 

 outrages notwithstanding their promises, and 

 a party of white men, with the assistance of 100 

 Papago Indians, set out on the 28th of April 

 and traced them to their camp. On the 30th 

 the pursuing party fell upon the camp and 

 killed 85 men and women, and carried away 

 28 children as prisoners. This matter was 

 subsequently investigated by a grand-jury of 

 the Federal court, and a number of indictments 

 were found against persons engaged in the 

 attack on the Indian encampment. In their 

 report the jury make the folloAving state- 

 ments : 



We find that the hostile bands of Indians in this 

 Territory are led by many different chiefs who have 

 generally adopted the policy of Cochise, making the 

 points where the Indians are fed the base of their 

 supplies for ammunition, guns, and recruits for their 

 raids, as each hostile chief usually draws warriors 

 from other bands when he makes an important raid 

 upon the citizens, or the neighboring State of Sonora, 

 where they are continually making their depreda- 

 tions. We find that the habit of beastly drunken- 

 ness has generally pro vailed with few marked excep- 

 tions among the officers commanding at Camp Grant, 

 Camp Goodwin, and Camp Apache, where the Apache 

 Indians have been fed; that the rations issued at 

 these camps to the Indians have frequently been 

 insufficient for their support^ and unjustly distrib- 

 uted, sometimes bones being issued instead of meat ; 

 that one quartermaster of the United States said lie 

 made a surplus of twelve thousand pounds of corn in 

 issuing rations to the Indians of Camp Goodwin. We 

 find that a commanding officer, while commanding 

 at Camp Apache, gave liquor to the Apache Indians, 

 and got beastly drunk with them from whiskey be- 

 longing to the Hospital Department of the United 

 States Government ; also, that another officer of the 

 United States Army gave liquor to the said Indians 

 at said camp ; that officers of the United States Army 

 at those camps where the Indians are fed, are in the 

 habit of using their official position to break the chas- 

 tity of the Indian women. That the present regula- 

 tions of Camp Grant, with the Apache Indians on 



