42 



ARMY, UNITED STATES. 



ASIA. 



vice will be allowed upon any Indian reservation 

 without the permission of the officer in charge. 



Citizens desiring to enter or cross a reservation for 

 any legitimate purpose will, when it is deemed prac- 

 ticable and proper, be permitted to do so, but will 

 always be escorted by a sufficient detachment of 

 troops to prevent any collision with the Indians. 



The ration for issue to adult Indians will consist of 

 one pound of meat and one pound of breadstuff, two 

 quarts of salt to each hundred rations, and four 

 pounds of soap to a hundred rations once a week. 

 Rations in half of the above proportions will be issued 

 to children under twelve years of age. Beef will be 

 issued on the hoof. An officer will always be present 

 to witness and direct the slaughtering of beef, and 

 the distribution of food among the separate bands 

 and families, and will certify to the commanding 

 officer that it is fairly done. 



The utmost care will be taken to see that rations 

 are issued only for the number of Indians actually 

 present, and tiiat no opportunity is afforded for the 

 barter of provisions for arms, ammunition, whiskey, 

 or any thing whatever. 



Active operations will be kept up against the hos- 

 tile Apaches of Arizona, and pressed with all practi- 

 cable vigor until they submit to the authority of the 

 Government, cease from hostilities, and remain upon 

 their reservations. After a reasonable time has been 

 given for all the Apaches to avail themselves of the 

 liberal terms offered by the Government, the depart- 

 ment commander will, in his discretion, make use 

 of the friendly Indians to hunt out and destroy those 

 who remain obstinately hostile. 



Full authority is conferred upon the department 

 commander to adopt such measures as may be neces- 

 sary to carry out these instructions, and to give full 

 effect to the policy of the Government. 



By order of Major-General SCHOFIELD. 



J. C. KELTON, Assistant Adjutant-General. 



There are now within the jurisdiction of the 

 United States about 321,000 Indians, of whom 

 75,000 inhabit Alaska and 3,683 are scattered 

 throughout the States of Florida, North Caro- 

 lina, Indiana, Iowa, and Texas, and maintain 

 no tribal relations. The remaining Indian pop- 

 ulation, numbering 242,371, is distributed as 

 follows: 



The Indians under the jurisdiction of the 

 United States are now located on reservations 

 of land amounting in the aggregate to 228,473 

 square miles, or 137,846,971 acres. Deducting 

 from tins statement the Indian Territory 

 south of Kansas, and there remains a popula- 

 tion of 172,000, occupying reservations of 

 land amounting to 96,155,785 acres, or 558 

 acres to each individual. In the Indian Terri- 

 tory^ the population consists of several semi- 

 civilized tribes, who have framed a constitution 

 for a sort of confederated government. The 

 Choctaws number 17, 000, and have 48 schools, 

 attended by 1,460 pupils ; the Cherokees num- 

 ber 17,000, and have 48 schools, with 1,920 pu- 

 pils; there are 13,000 Creeks, with 30 schools ; 

 and 2,500 Seminoles, with 4 schools, and 225 



pupils. The constitution framed by these tribes 

 has not received the approval of Congress. 



ASIA. The history of Asia for the year 

 1871 is of more than ordinary importance. 

 The transformation of the Empire of Japan, 

 which only a few years ago was wholly se- 

 cluded from the other portions of the world, 

 into a thoroughly-civilized country, is pro- 

 gressing with a rapidity which challenges uni- 

 versal admiration. The abolition of the ty- 

 coonate has been followed by the complete over- 

 throw of the power of the daimios, and thus the 

 landmarks of the ancient constitution have been 

 completely swept away. The Government 

 continues to invite distinguished foreigners, 

 especially Americans, into the country, and in- 

 trusts to them the most influential positions, in 

 order to hasten the political regeneration. A 

 number of students have been sent to the 

 United States, to Germany, England, and 

 France, to be there thoroughly educated. The 

 Mikado has even gone so far as to give a for- 

 mal audience to the American ambassador, and 

 to have presented to him an American admi- 

 ral, with his officers, and other distinguished 

 Americans. A railroad has been built between 

 Yokohama and Yeddo, and, by the completion 

 of a telegraph between Nagasaki and Osaka, 

 Japan will soon be in telegraphic communica- 

 tion with Europe. But, while thus favoring the 

 intercourse with foreign countries, the Govern- 

 ment and people showed a, marked hostility to 

 Christian missionaries. 



China is following the example of Japan, 

 and has determined to send young men to the 

 United States and England to be educated in 

 the schools of those countries. The French 

 claims for indemnity for the Tien-Tsin massa- 

 cres were paid, but the feeling against foreign- 

 ers, and especially against Christian mission- 

 aries, continued to be very bitter. The empire 

 has been comparatively free from internal dis- 

 turbances. 



"While in the southern part of Chinese Toor- 

 kistan, which is called by the Chinese Thian- 

 shan-nan-lu, Yakook Klousbegi has main- 

 tained his rule,* the northern part, or Thian- 

 shan-pelu, in which the united Calmucks, 

 Tarandshis, and Soongarians, had made them- 

 selves independent of Chinese rule, has been, at 

 the request of the Chinese Government, invaded 

 by Russian troops, which, in May, conquered 

 Kultsha, the capital of the Tarandshis. The 

 Russian accounts state that the general com- 

 manding in Kultsha was receiving numerous 

 deputations of Calmucks, Kirgheez, and Ta- 

 randshis, announcing their submission to Rus- 

 sia, which thus has gained in Central Asia 

 another station of incalculable political and 

 strategical importance. 



A treacherous assault made in Corea upon 

 an American surveying-party induced Admiral 

 Rodgers to attack the forts from which the 

 outrage had been committed. Five forts were 

 captured and destroyed, after which the ad- 

 * See ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1870. 



