88 



CALIFORNIA. 



$7,625,561 ; public debt, county, town, city, 

 etc., $14,659,555. The number of acres of im- 

 proved land is 6,218,133; of woodland, 477,- 

 880 ; other unimproved land, 4,731,092 ; cash 

 value of farms, $141,240,028 ; of farming im- 

 plements and machinery, $5,316;690; total 

 amount of wages paid during the year, includ- 

 ing value of board, $10,403,447 ; value of or- 

 chard products, $1,384,480 ; of forest products, 

 $566,017; of produce of market gardens, $1,- 

 059,779; of home manufactures, $301,491 ; of 

 slaughtered animals, $6,112,503 ; estimated 

 value of all farm products, including better- 

 ments and additions to stock, $49,856,024; 

 value of all live-stock, $37,964,752. The State 

 contains 192,273 horses, 17,533 mules and 

 asses, 164, 093 milch-cows, 5,944 working-oxen, 

 461,361 other cattle, 2,768,187 sheep, and 444,- 

 617 swine. The productions were 16,676,702 

 bushels of wheat, 26,275 of rye, 1,221,222 of 

 corn, 1,757,507 of oats, 8,783,490 of barley, 

 21,928 of buckwheat, 380,010 of peas and 

 beans, 2,049,227 of Irish and 202,035 of sweet 

 potatoes, 13,294 of flaxseed; 63,809 pounds of 

 tobacco, 11,391,743 of wool, 7,969,744 of but- 

 ter, 3,395,074 of cheese, 625,064 of hops, 31,740 

 of flax, 3,587 of silk cocoons, 4,903 of wax, 

 294,326 of honey; 1,803,586 gallons of wine, 

 3,693,021 of milk sold, and 551,773 tons of hay. 

 The number of uncivilized Indians is officially 

 estimated at 7,383. 



The State debt at the beginning of the term of 

 office of Governor Haight, in December, 1867, 

 was $5,146,500. On the 5th of December, 

 1871, it was $3,462,000, of which the State it- 

 self held $1,133,500 in the School Fund, and 

 $57,500 in the University Fund. During the 

 fiscal year ending June 30, 1871, the receipts 

 of the State Treasury amounted to $3,329,984.- 

 99, and the disbursements to $2,915,592.72. 

 The present rate of taxation is 86 cents on a 

 hundred dollars assessed value of property, 

 distributed as follows: State capital, 10 cents; 

 Normal School, 2 cents; State-prison building 

 fund, 3 cents ; school-tax, 10 cents ; funded 

 debt (including capital bonds) tax, 23f cents ; 

 Central Pacific Kailroad interest, 8 cents; 

 military, 1J- cent, and general fund 28$ cents. 



The practical working of the Equalization 

 Act, passed at the session of the Legislature of 

 1869-'70, has not been very satisfactory. There 

 is a new capitol in course of construction at 

 Sacramento. The cost of the work, thus far, 

 has been $1,939,000, and it will require $247,- 

 242 to complete it, according to the present 

 estimates. 



There are in the State 130,116 children over 

 five years old, and 66,292 under that age. Of 

 these, 83,628 attended the public schools dur- 

 ing the year, 15,524 attended private schools, 

 and 30,964 attended no school. There is a 

 normal-school building in course of construc- 

 tion at San Jos6. The State University, at 

 Oakland, is in a flourishing condition. During 

 the year there were 301 students in attend- 

 ance. It is proposed to have new buildings 



for this institution, and to establish an agricul- 

 tural college and experimental farm in connec- 

 tion with it. The State Insane Asylum, at 

 Stockton, had 1,090 inmates, of whom 786 were 

 males and 304 females. The necessity of an- 

 other asylum is felt, and the Governor recom- 

 mended to the Legislature at the session of 

 187l-'72 the appointment of commissioners to 

 locate it " in one of the counties bordering on 

 the bay." The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb 

 and Blind, located at San Francisco, had, on 

 the 18th of September, 64 deaf and dumb 

 children 37 boys and 27 girls ; and 31 blind 

 18 male and 13 female. The amount needed 

 for current expenses .of this asylum for the 

 fiscal year, 1871-72, was estimated at $36,000. 

 The industrial condition of the State is very 

 promising. The cultivation of fruit and manu- 

 facture of wine have grown to a very important 

 branch of industry. With regard to the pro- 

 duction of wine, it is impossible to obtain pre- 

 cise statistics later than 1868, when there were 

 2,587,764 gallons. The product of 1871 has 

 been variously estimated at from 4,000,000 to 

 5,000,000 gallons. There are 30,000 acres of 

 land planted with vines in the State. Tropical 

 fruits have been cultivated in the State witl-i 

 considerable success. There are now upward 

 of 40,534 orange-trees in flourishing condition, 

 7, 851 lemon-trees, 45,655 fig-trees, 29,000 olive- 

 trees, and 28,000 almond-trees. In the southern 

 counties, these, with several other varieties of 

 tropical fruit-trees, are brought to maturity 

 with very little care, and bear abundance of 

 excellent fruit. The manufacture of beet- 

 sugar has been undertaken on a pretty large 

 scale, and has met with encouraging success. 

 The principal company organized for this pur- 

 poge is that at Alvarado. It had 500 acres 

 planted with beets, which yield about 16 tons 

 to the acre. According to estimates founded 

 on former experience, it was calculated that 

 the beets would yield 160 pounds of sugar to 

 the ton, or 1,120,000 pounds for the year's 

 product. The capacity of the mill now in 

 operation is sufficient to dispose of 60 tons of 

 beets per day. After the sugar has been ex- 

 tracted from the entire crop, the rest of the 

 year is spent in refining and getting it to 

 market. The cost of production is stated at 

 about $560 per acre of the land under cultiva- 

 tion, while the yield from the same is valued 

 at $832. The production and manufacture of 

 silk has not been so successful for the past two 

 years as had been anticipated. At several 

 large cocooneries the worms died just before 

 the time for spinning. The mulberry-tree is 

 grown without any difficulty, and in general 

 the worms have been successfully hatched, but 

 the danger is that they will die before the 

 cocoons are made. It is thought, however, 

 that experience in the treatment of the worms 

 will make this a successful branch of industry 

 in California, as it has already proved in some 

 seasons and in some localities. An expe- 

 rienced cultivator makes the following esti- 



