CHILI. 



115 



unchanged ; the sole obvious result being, that 

 the chlorine of the acid is set free by the 

 oxygen of the air, with a rapidity that leaves 

 nothing to be desired. Although this process 

 has not yet been worked on a manufacturing 

 scale, considerable experience has been ac- 

 quired in regard to it, and the difficulties to 

 which it at first seemed liable have been over- 

 come. One inevitable difficulty, arising from 

 the dilution of the chlorine, has proved to 

 be less serious than was anticipated; it has 

 not been found to interfere with its applica- 

 tion to the manufacture of potassic chlorate or 

 of bleaching-powder. 



CHILI,* a republic of South America. Pres- 

 ident, for the term from 1871 to 1876, F. Erra- 

 zuriz. The revenue for 1871 is estimated at 

 $11,550,000; the expenditures at $12,542,493. 

 The home debt, on July 12, 1869, amounted to 

 16,686,103 piastres, and the foreign debt to 

 23,238,720 piastres, making a total public debt 

 of 39,924,823 piastres. The troops of the line 

 numbered, in 1871, 5,176 men, and the National 

 Guard, in 1870, 52,721 men. The area of Chili, 

 according to the official work on the census of 

 1865, amounts to 132,622 square miles. The 

 fleet in 1870 consisted of 12 screw-steamers, 

 manned by a battalion of marines of four hun- 

 dred men. 



The following table exhibits the population 

 according to the census of 1865,t and an offi- 

 cial calculation made in 1868 on the basis of 

 the rate of increase of the population during 

 the previous period : 



The number of vessels entering the Chilian 

 ports in 1869, and their tonnage, were as fol- 

 lows : 



each of 



1,699 English vessels, 

 148 German " 

 199 Italian " 



93 French " 



36 Other European vessels 

 643 Chilian " 



476 North American u 

 700 Other American " 



12 Polynesian " 



1,203 tons. 

 61 

 56 

 41 

 12 

 149 

 154 

 187 

 7 



The movement of commerce, embracing the 

 imports from and the exports to the other 

 countries of America and Europe in 1869, to- 

 gether with the amounts of the same for 1868, 

 was as follows : 



* See, in the AMERICAN ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA for 1870, 

 a detailed account of the area of the several provinces, 

 t The census is taken every tenth year. 



Total, 1869, 4.000 vessels of 1,872 tons. 

 Total, 1868, 3,526 vessels, of 1,720 tons. 



Great progress continues to be made in the 

 construction of railroads. The following shows 

 the length of railroads completed and in course 

 of construction (1 kilometre = 0.62 miles) : 



COMPLETED. 



Santiago to Curico 185 kilometres. 



" to Valparaiso 184 



Caldera to San Antonio 150 



Ovalle to Tongoy 67.7 



Coquimbo to Las Cardas 62 



Tabellon to Chaflarcillo 43 



Carrizal Alto to Carrizal Bajo 40 



Total 731.7=454.46 m. 



IN COURSE OP CONSTRUCTION. 



Talcahuano to Chilian 180 kilometres. 



San Fernando to La Palmiila 30 " 



Llaillai to San Felipe 29.3 " 



Total 239.3=148.67m. 



Total, completed 731.7=454.46m . 



Grandtotal 971 =603.13m. 



The roads from Santiago to Valparaiso and 

 Curico are almost entirely, and all the roads 

 in the course of construction wholly, owned 

 by the state ; the others belong to private com- 

 panies. 



The population of the principal cities in 

 1865 was as follows : 



Santiago 115,377 



Valparaiso 70,738 



Talca 17,900 



Concepcion 13,958 



La Serena 13,550 



Copiapo 13,381 



The most important event in the history of 

 the year was the election of a new President, 

 which took place in September. Suffrage in 

 Chili is by no means universal, as out of a 



