250 



DELAWARE. 



DEMORGAN, AUGUSTUS. 



urbs was valued at $25,000,000, and the person- 

 al property at $22,000,000. In 1871, 404 new 

 houses, valued at $1,200,000, were erected. 

 The following are statistics of the manufactur- 

 ing industries of the city : 



The following table gives the taxation and 

 public debt of the State for the year 1871 : 



It is claimed that "Wilmington enjoys ad- 

 vantages for building iron ships superior to 

 those of any place in the United States. Some 

 of these advantages are natural and others the 

 result of well-directed efforts of those engaged 

 in tho business of iron-ship building. These ad- 

 vantages are proximity to the mines of iron and 

 coal, with various competing lines of transpor- 

 tation to bring these materials, as well as the 

 lumber required, and proximity to the great 

 commercial marts of the country, where the less 

 important materials can be easily and speedily 

 procured, and whence skilled and cheap labor 

 can be obtained. The difference between the 

 cost of production of iron ships here and on 

 the Clyde is steadily growing less, and the 

 Board of Trade regard the day as not far dis- 

 tant when u the Delaware or the Christiana, 

 and not the Clyde, shall rule the iron-ship 

 building interest of the world." The increase 

 of the business of Wilmington is indicated by 

 the increase of trade on the water-freight lines. 

 This business, which was at one time carried 

 on by four sloops, making semi- weekly trips, 

 now requires four steam-barges and daily trips ; 

 while the line between Wilmington and New 

 York, which was begun with one steamer, a 

 little more than a year ago, now has two of 

 the largest steamers which pass through the 

 Delaware & Raritan Canal, but is yet inade- 



quate to the requirements of the trade. One 

 barge has been purchased and another built, to 

 aid in the transportation of the freight. 



One of the main interests of Delaware is 

 peach growing and distributing. The crop of 

 1871 was the largest ever obtained over 

 3,500,000 baskets being sent to market, an in- 

 crease of about 500,000 over thesupply of 1860, 

 known as the "champion peach year." Of 

 these about 2,655,000 baskets were sent to the 

 distant markets by rail, and the remainder by 

 water. In 1870 the quantity sent out by rail 

 was 1,410,079 baskets. The net receipts of the 



f rowers were between 30 and 40 cents a bas- 

 et. Estimated at 35 cents, the crop of 1871 

 brought into the State over $1,225,000. From 

 300,000 to 500,000 new trees were planted dur- 

 ing the year. 



DE MORGAN, AUGUSTUS, D. C. L., F. R. A. S., 

 an English mathematician, professor, and au- 

 thor, born in the island of Madeira, on the 

 northeast coast of Java, in 1806 ; died in Lon- 

 don, March 18, 1871. He was educated at 

 Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his 

 B. A. degree in 1827 as fourth wrangler. He 

 entered at Lincoln's Inn the same year, and 

 prosecuted his legal studies until 1828, when 

 he was elected Professor of Mathematics in 

 the then newly-founded University of London, 

 now University College. He resigned in 1831, 

 but returned to it in 1836, on the death of his 

 successor, and retained his position until 1866. 

 More, perhaps, than any man of the present 

 generation, Prof. De Morgan deserved the title 

 of a mathematical philosopher. He was not only 

 profoundly versed in all departments of mathe- 

 matical science, but was thoroughly familiar 

 with the history and philosophy of the mathe- 

 matical and physical sciences, and had so 

 fully developed and reorganized the science of 

 logic as to make it seem almost like a branch 

 of algebra. He was a fellow of the Royal 

 Astronomical Society, for thirty years on its 

 council, and for eighteen years one of its secre- 

 taries. He was also a fellow of the Cam- 

 bridge Philosophical Society. He had been 

 for many years one of the most industrious 

 and hard-working students in Great Britain, 

 and was a very voluminous writer on the prin- 

 ciples and history of mathematics, and on 

 points connected with the profession of an 

 actuary, which he had practised for many 

 years, although not attached to any office, and 

 has published works on arithmetic, algebra, 

 trigonometry, double algebra, the differential 

 calculus, the calculus of functions, the theory of 

 probabilities, life contingencies, the gnomonic 

 projection, the use of the globes, formal logic, 

 arithmetical books (bibliographical), and a book 

 called the "Book of Almanacs," by which the 

 whole almanac of any year, past, present, or 

 future, in either style, may be turned to at once. 

 He wrote the articles on mathematics and some 

 on astronomy in the Penny Cyclopaedia, and 

 many biographies in that work, his contribu- 

 tions to it constituting about one-sixth of the 



