288 ELLENBOROUGH, EARL OF. 



EOTVOS, BARON. 



The experiment is readily performed in a glass 

 tube. Salts of strontia will color the spark 

 red ; chloride of sodium, yellow ; chloride of 

 copper, bluish green, etc. The light from these 

 sparks, analyzed by the spectroscope, furnishes 

 a method for the determination of the nature 

 of the salts contained in the solution. 



ELLENBOROUGH, the Right Hon. ED- 

 WAED LAW, EARL OF, G. 0. B., a British states- 

 man, born September 8, 1790 ; died in London, 

 December 21, 1871. He was the son of Lord 

 Ellenborough, Lord Chief-Justice of the Court 

 of Queen's Bench, and grandson of Right Rev. 

 Edmund Law, Bishop of Carlisle in the latter 

 part of the last century. He was educated at 

 Eton, and at St. John's College, Cambridge, 

 graduating M. A. in the latter part of 1809. 

 In 1814 he was returned to the House of Com- 

 mons for St. Michael's, a small Cornish bor- 

 ough, since disfranchised, which he contin- 

 ued to represent till he succeeded his father, 

 as second baron, December 13, 1818. In the 

 House of Commons he was not distinguished 

 for great oratorical powers, nor did he give 

 promise of eminence as a statesman. He was 

 Lord Privy Seal, and afterward President of 

 the Board of Control, in the Wellington ad- 

 ministration of 1828-'30, and was reappointed 

 to the latter office with a seat in the cabinet 

 in Sir Robert Peel's first administration of 

 1834-'35. In October, 1841, he succeeded the 

 Earl of Auckland as Governor-General of In- 

 dia. Soon after his arrival at Calcutta an ex- 

 pedition was organized against the Afghans, 

 which resulted in their defeat and the destruc- 

 tion of the fortress of Ghuznee. Scarcely had 

 this been carried into effect when the Emirs of 

 Sind took up arms, but General Napier was 

 'dispatched against them; and, after one or 

 two decisive victories, including the bloody 

 battle of Miani, the territory of Sind was 

 formally annexed to the British dominions. 

 Doubts were, at that time, expressed as to 

 the justice of the course pursued by his lord- 

 ship in the Sindian war, and the invasion of 

 that country was regarded by some as an unpro- 

 voked aggression. The Emirs had unquestion- 

 ably provoked retaliation by violating their sol- 

 emn treaty with Great Britain, and by attacking 

 the British resident, and levelling his house to 

 the ground. In 1843 Lord Ellenborough inva- 

 ded the independent Mahratta state of Gwalior, 

 in conjunction with General (afterward Lord) 

 Gough, for the purpose of putting an end to 

 the civil strife which raged there during the 

 regency of the youthful rajah, Dhuleep Singh. 

 The war had scarcely been brought to a close 

 by the defeat of the Mahratta troops, when 

 Lord Ellenborough was recalled by the Board 

 of East-India Directors, by what the late Duke 

 of "Wellington characterized as " a most indis- 

 creet use of authority," and contrary to the 

 wishes of the government of Sir Robert Peel, 

 who, almost immediately on his return to Eng- 

 land, in 1844, appointed him to the post of 

 First Lord of the Admiralty, and raised him 



in the peerage as Earl of Ellenborough and 

 Viscount Southam. His policy as Governor- 

 General occasioned considerable controversy. 

 The East-India Directors found fault with the 

 alleged slights which he put upon the civil 

 service, and his marked favoritism toward the 

 military and the native troops, as well as 

 with his showy progresses, and his extrava- 

 gant proclamations in regard to the gates 

 of Somnauth, which were brought to India 

 after the reduction of the fortress of Ghuz- 

 nee. Complaint was also made that he had 

 in other proclamations apparently sanctioned 

 idolatry. On the other hand, his friends 

 defended him most zealously. Take the fol- 

 lowing extract from an Indian journal as an 

 example : "After arriving in India, in February, 

 1842, Lord Ellenborough took two or three 

 months to look about him. He soon found 

 that the administration of his predecessor had 

 been a ''secretariat administration,' and to that 

 cause alone he attributed the fact that, after 

 an experiment of five years, it had closed in 

 dismay and defeat. He, therefore, resolved to 

 take the executive power from the hands of 

 his secretaries, and to wield it himself. Hence 

 it was that the country which he found dis- 

 tracted, shaking to pieces, with an exhausted 

 treasury, and a discontented army, he left in 

 a condition to which it had never before at- 

 tained ; the coffers overflowing, the army en- 

 thusiastic, and the secretaries in their proper 

 places. Hence, too, his unpopularity with the 

 civil service." Having resumed office, in 1858, 

 under Lord Derby, as President of the Board 

 of Control, his lordship resigned, May 14th, on 

 account of an attack made upon him for a dis- 

 patch which he had addressed to Lord Can- 

 ning, then Governor-General of India, relative 

 to the proper treatment of the insurgents of 

 Oude, after the cessation of the mutiny. Though 

 the views enunciated in what was termed the 

 Oude proclamation were carried out, objection 

 was taken to the publication in England of 

 the dispatch. The vote of censure was re- 

 jected in the House of Lords by a majority 

 of nine, and the motion was withdrawn in the 

 House of Commons without a division ; but, 

 before the debate commenced, Lord Ellenbor- 

 ough resigned, and did not subsequently hold 

 office, although he took an active part in the 

 debates in the House of Lords, and was re- 

 garded as the most brilliant of the Conserva- 

 tive orators. He was a warm supporter of 

 Italian unity. 



EOTVOS, Baron JOZSEF, a Hungarian states- 

 man and author, and at the time of his death 

 President of the Hungarian Academy, and 

 Minister of Public Instruction, born at Buda, 

 Hungary, September 3, 1813; died in Pesth, 

 Hungary, February 2, 1871. He received his 

 early education at home, and studied philoso- 

 phy and law at the University of Pesth. Be- 

 fore the completion of his academical career, 

 he translated into his native tongue Goethe's 

 4i Gotz von Berlichingen," and published two 



