364 



GERMAN-FRENCH WAR. 



a lieutenant. In 1822 he entered the Prussian 

 army as second-lieutenant of infantry. He did 

 not become a first-lieutenant till eleven years 

 afterward. He employed the intervening pe- 

 riod in earnest studies at the military schools. 

 In 1827 he was appointed instructor in the 

 five division-schools. In 1828 he was assigned 

 to the topographical branch of the general 

 staff. In 1832 he was attached to that corps 

 of the general staff of which he was chief at 

 the time of the breaking out of the war with 

 France. 



Von Moltke's first actual service was in the 

 East. He resided there four years, engaged 

 actively in the organization and drill of the 

 Ottoman troops, and was present in the en- 

 gagements with the Koords, and at the battle 

 of Nisid. He travelled, on military business, 

 through the greater part of Asia Minor. In 

 1839 he returned to Germany, where he 

 published a work entitled Russisch-turkischer 

 Feldzug in der EuropaiscJien Turlcei von 

 1828-'29, and a number of Turkish maps. 



In 1835 he was promoted to a captaincy, in 

 1842 to a majority ; in 1846 he was appointed 

 general staff officer of the Eighth Army Corps, 

 and in 1848 chief of one division of the gen- 

 eral staff. In 1850 he was again a first-lieu- 

 tenant, in 1851 a captain as first-adjutant of 

 the Crown-Prince Frederick William. In 1856 

 he was made a major-general, and in 1858 

 chief of the general staff, whence he was pro- 

 moted to the rank of general. He took a prom- 

 inent part in the Schleswig-Holstein War in 

 1864. The plan of the campaign of the short, 

 decisive, brilliant war of 1866 with Austria 

 was his work. The great battle of Koniggratz 

 was fought under his direction. After this 

 battle he negotiated the truce, and the suspen- 

 sion of hostilities, and the preliminaries to 

 peace. For his services he was decorated with 

 the order of the black eagle. 



After the close of the war, and the promul- 

 gation of the new German Empire, the Em- 

 peror William conferred upon General von 

 Moltke the title and dignity of count, in ac- 

 knowledgment of his distinguished services. 



Bourlalci, General Charles Denis Sauter, is of 

 Greek origin, the son of an officer who fell in 

 the Greek war of independence. He was born 

 at _Pau, April 22, 1816. He was educated at 

 Saint-Cyr, and began his military career as a 

 lieutenant in Africa, commanding a corps of 

 Zouaves. He is generally accredited with the 

 formation of the corps of Spahis and Turcos, 

 who have since become famous in French wars. 

 He behaved with great coolness at the storm- 

 ing of Zaadscha, where he was the first to 

 mount the breach at the head of his Turcos, 

 and was made captain. In the Crimean War 

 he held the command of a brigadier-general. 

 At the battle of Inkennan he saved the right 

 flank of the English army from destruction, 

 and earned the title by which he was after- 

 ward known, of Bourbaki d 1 Inkerman. He 

 also distinguished himself at the battle of the 



Alma, at the storming of the MalakofF, and in 

 the Franco- Austrian War of 1859, at the bat- 

 tle of Splferino. He was made an officer of 

 the Legion of Honor in 1868. At the breaking 

 out of the war of 1870, he was assigned the 

 command of the Eighth Army Corps, which 

 included the Imperial Guard. In the new or- 

 ganization of the French armies, which was 

 made after the surrender at Sedan, General 

 Bourbaki was placed in command of the "First 

 Army," and was ordered to operate in the 

 north, in the direction of the Vosges. He 

 met with a succession of defeats in December 

 and January. His last operation in the war 

 was an unsuccessful effort to raise the siege of 

 Belfort. 



Faidlierbe, Louis Leon Cesar, was born at 

 Lille, on the 3d of June, 1818. He entered 

 the Polytechnic School in 1838, and the School 

 of Application at Metz in 1840. He was ap- 

 pointed to special service in Africa, where, in 

 the eight years from 1844 to 1852, he took 

 part in many expeditions in the provinces of 

 Oran, Guadeloupe, and Constantine. The most 

 notable of these was that of Kabyle. He then 

 passed to Senegal as subdirector of engineers. 

 He was made commander of a battalion, and 

 Governor of Senegal in 1857. In 1861 he was 

 engaged in an expedition against the King of 

 Cayor, by which the whole maritime border 

 of that chief, extending from the right bank 

 of the Senegal to beyond the Bathel de Me- 

 dina, was subjected. The prophet Omer-cl- 

 Hadji also recognized the French sovereignty. 

 The peninsula of Cape Vert and the province 

 of Dianda were annexed to Senegal. He was 

 definitively recalled to France at his own re- 

 quest in 1865. He afterward commanded the 

 Division of Bonar in Africa. He was made an 

 officer of the Legion of Honor in 1855, com- 

 mander in 1861, and brigadier-general in 1863. 



While in Soudan and Western Africa, he 

 wrote numerous documents and memoirs which 

 . were published in the Bulletin de la Societe 

 de Geographic. He is also the author of An- 

 nales de Voyages, the Annuaire de Senegal, 

 which was published in four languages, etc. 

 General Faidherbe's principal part in the Ger- 

 man-French War was as commander of the 

 Army of the North. He was disastrously de- 

 feated at St. Quentin, on the 19th of January. 

 It was the substantial destruction, in quick 

 succession, of the armies of Chanzy and Faid- 

 herbe, on whom the French chiefly relied to 

 divert the attention of the Germans from their 

 attack on Paris, that decided the surrender of 

 the capital. 



Chanzy, General, is about forty-seven 

 years old. His father was a captain of cui- 

 rassiers, who was dismissed from the service in 

 1815. He studied military science in the 

 school of St.-Cyr, which he entered in 1841. 

 He saw active service in Syria under Haut- 

 ponl, and in Africa under Pelissier. At tho 

 close of 1870 General Chanzy held the com- 

 mand of the Army of the Loire. He made an 



