464 



LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1871. 



volume of his " Illustrations de la Flore de 

 1'Archipel des Indes," Dr. Suringar, I*. Bleek- 

 er, and II. Witte, have done good work. In 

 Zoology the works of Snellen von Vollenhoven, 

 J. G. Keulemans, and P. Bleeker, which have 

 been long in progress, have been continued. 



Since the commencement of the year a new- 

 weekly journal of education has appeared at 

 Rosendaal ; it is called Ons Reclit, and is the 

 organ of the Ultramontanes. In the journal 

 Bato, Andriessen, Kellen, and other writers, 

 have provided suitable reading for the young ; 

 we may reckon as among the results of the 

 recent war the elaborate and valuable study 

 of J. II. Kromhout, on the "Position of Am- 

 sterdam." As for politics, the well-known 

 editor of the Conservateur* Prof. Vreede, of 

 Utrecht, displayed his hostility to Prussia in 

 an unusually eloquent pamphlet, published at 

 the beginning of the year; a work of the 

 deputy, Jonckbloet, on the u Grand-duchy of 

 Luxembourg," is devoted to internal (mainly 

 financial) questions. Lastly, we must notice 

 that the working-class movement, which, has 

 been felt throughout Europe, has not passed 

 Holland by. Utrecht may be regarded as the 

 headquarters of the agitation; a journal, en- 

 titled Volltsviriend, has been started at the 

 Hague, specially devoted to advocating the 

 cause of labor, and A. van Brussel, of Amster- 

 dam, edits the "Archives of the International 

 Artisans' Union." The first mentioned, how- 

 ever, has ceased to appear. 



HUNGARY. As regards philological research, 

 the past year cannot be reckoned fertile ; there 

 is, however, a good deal in preparation, viz., 

 the Historical Dictionary of the Magyar Lan- 

 guage, the Collection of Provincialisms, and 

 the edition of the Vogul Grammar and Dic- 

 tionary, collected by the late Mr. Eeguly dur- 

 ing his travels in the Ural, and prepared for 

 the press by Mr. P. Hunfalvy, the Nestor of 

 Hungarian philology. In connection with this 

 branch of science, it may besides be stated 

 that a young philological student has been sent 

 to Russia in order to study the Mongol lan- 

 guage on the spot, it being alike interesting 

 and necessary to compare the Magyar lan- 



faage with the most easterly branch of the 

 uranian languages. In the mean while the 

 Finn-ugric branch is assiduously studied ; and 

 a special chair for the study of those lan- 

 guages is to be founded at the University of 

 Pesth: it will be probably the first one in 

 Europe. 



The historical researches of the Hungarians 

 have hitherto been chiefly directed to the history 

 of their own nation ; there is room for many 

 laborers, and the results of the investigation 

 are not without interest to Europe in general. 

 The clever and learned sketches of Mr. Francis 

 Szilngyi throw much light upon the Austrian 

 machinations of the past century to overthrow 

 Protestantism, and to denationalize the Mag- 

 yars. The book of Mr. William Frank el, " Paz- 

 man es Kora " (" Puzinan and his Age "), is the 



fruit of laborious investigations not only in the 

 archives of Hungary, but also in the libraries 

 of Spain, Germany, and Italy. The monograph 

 on the town of Clausenburg, by Mr. Alexius 

 Jakab, and another on the county of Abauj, 

 by Mr. Korponai, are worthy of attention. 

 Very valuable are the contributions to the 

 history of the Turkish occupation, collected 

 and edited by Mr. A. Sziladi, a learned Orien- 

 talist, and by the son of the above-named Mr. 

 Szilagyi. These monuments of Turco-Hunga- 

 rian administration are really unique in their 

 way. Not less valuable are the labors of the 

 Hungarian archreologists, among whom we 

 may mention Messrs. Hemszlman, Ipolyi, and 

 Romer, as having distinguished themselves 

 during the last year. They tend partly to the 

 preservation of the architectural monuments 

 of the middle ages, partly to the discovery of 

 Roman antiquities, in respect of which Hun- 

 gary, the ancient Pannouia, to use the words 

 of the learned Prof. Desjardins, is the richest 

 and the most interesting country in Europe. 

 Speaking of the Hungarian medieval monu- 

 ments, we must mention the renovation of 

 Vajda-Hunyad, in Transylvania, the ancient 

 seat of the famous Hunyades, which is to be 

 built up in its old fine Gothic style, for the use 

 of the imperial and royal family ; and the 

 excavations at Visegrad, the residence of the 

 first kings of Hungary, a picturesque-looking 

 ruin on the right bank of the Danube, near 

 Pesth ; besides, Roman graves, of the second 

 and third centuries B. c., have been acciden- 

 tally opened, and valuable arms and trimmings 

 found, and handed over to the National Mu- 

 seum, an institution which, is flourishing more 

 and more under the directorship of the learned 

 and ingenious Mr. Pulszky, who is well known 

 in England and the United States. 



As far as regards exact sciences, Hungary, 

 far from being able to emulate Western nations, 

 is continually doing its best to propagate the 

 newest discoveries in her own vernacular. 



Turning to the productions in belles-lettres, 

 we notice, as deserving a high place, the pub- 

 lication of several new cantos of "Romhanyi," 

 a poetical novel in the style of "Pushkin," 

 "Eugen Anyegin," written by the classical 

 hand of Mr. Paul Gyulai. Among the prose- 

 writers, Mr. Jokai has come forward with a 

 new novel, called " Eppure si Muove," in which 

 he draws, in splendid colors, and with his ac- 

 customed ability, a most interesting picture of 

 the literary and social movements of Hungary 

 in her recent pass. Mr. Edward Kvassay, a 

 young litterateur, has achieved a success in his 

 novel, "A hoi az ember kez dodik" ("Where 

 the Man begins"), in which he satirizes the 

 superficial culture of a certain class in Hun- 

 gary known as the "noble idlers." As for 

 translations, the Hungarian edition of Shake- 

 speare has been completed by the Kisfaludy 

 Tarsasag, a society under whose patronage 

 several works of Racine and Moliere, and 

 other poets of note, have also been issued. 



