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LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1871. 



iaeval Arabic-Latin vocabulary ; Prof. Ascoli 

 has published the first volume of his learned 

 Courses of Glottology; the celebrated San- 

 scrit scholar, Gaspare Gorresio, has given to 

 the world the Italian version of the last vol- 

 ume of the Ramayana (Uttarakanda), and has 

 thus completed his monumental work of the 

 publication and translation of the most splen- 

 did of Hindoo poems; Signor Antonio Ma- 

 razzi has translated from the original, for the 

 first time, into Italian, the dramatic works of 

 Kalidasa ; a disciple of the Chinese school of 

 Prof. Antelmo Severina, Signor Carlo Puini, 

 has published a learned work upon the Reli- 

 gions of the Ancient East ; other Italian Ori- 

 entalists are concluding other publications, and 

 an Italian Oriental Society has now been 

 founded in France, under the direction of Pro- 

 fessors Amari, Teza, and Lasinio. 



Among the Neapolitan authoresses a dis- 

 tinguished place must be given to Signora 

 Aurelia Cimino Folliero de Luna, who now 

 purposes publishing a newspaper to defend 

 Woman's Rights in Italy, with the patronage 

 of an illustrious foreign lady, who has taken 

 up her abode at Florence, the eminent writer, 

 Dora d'Istria (the Princess Elena Kalzoff 

 Massalsky, of Roumania), author of the work 

 " Les Femmes par uiie Femme." Among the 

 elegant Neapolitan writers, the first place is 

 occupied by the Abbate Vito Fornari, author 

 of the "Trattato dell' Armenia Universale," 

 and of a recent " Life of Jesus." 



Good critics contribute not a little to pre- 

 serve good taste in writing, and of such critics 

 Italy has not a few : Giuseppe Settembrini, 

 Francesco de Sanctis, and Paolo Emiliani 

 Giudici, three natives of Southern Italy, have 

 written the three best histories of Italian lit- 

 erature; Alto Vannucci has published excel- 

 lent essays upon Latin literature, and Eugenio 

 Camerini upon the various modern ones ; while 

 Niccold Tommaseo, by means of several hun- 

 dreds of pointed articles upon different sub- 

 jects, has guided the taste of not a few au- 

 thors. Among writers on questions relating 

 to the Fine Arts, the first place is always oc- 

 cupied by the Marquis Pietro Selvatico, at Pa- 

 dua. The most eminent and laborious cham- 

 pions of historical criticism are still the Lom- 

 bard, Cesare Cantu, author of the "Storia 

 Universale," and of several important histo- 

 ri co-philosophical monographs ; Carlo Promis, 

 the learned illustrator of the antiquities of Tu- 

 rin ; Ercole Ricotti, author of the " Storia 

 delle Compagnie di Ventura," of the " Lezioni 

 sulla Storia del Medio Evo e Moderna ; " Pas- 

 quale Villari, the author of the work upon 

 " Savonarola e il suo Tempo," and from whom 

 is now expected a work upon Macchiavelli ; 

 Isidoro La Lumia, author of not a few invalu- 

 able memorials on Sicilian history, are still 

 alive and working. The works of Count Gio- 

 vanni Gozzadini, of Bologna, and of Count 

 Gian Carlo Conestabile, of Perugia, upon 

 Etruscan antiquities, those of Giuseppe Fiorelli 



and Giulio de Petra upon the antiquities of 

 Pompeii, of De Rosa upon Roman antiquities, 

 or the young Prof. Salinas on Sicilian numis- 

 matics, and several other works of learned 

 archffiologists in their separate branches, show 

 that, although Italy is now alive and active, it 

 will not forget even its dead. 



PORTUGAL. The number of works published 

 in Portugal during the year, which deserve 

 honorable mention, is extremely small. Jules 

 Dinir, a young writer whose name will always 

 hold a high place in literary history, and 

 who was unanimously regarded as the first of 

 Portuguese novelists, is dead. His novels, 

 "As Pupillas do Senhor Reitor," "Uma Fa- 

 milia Ingleza," " A Morgadiuta dos Canaviae~s," 

 !' Os Seraes de Provincia," are models, both 

 in matter and form. 



Poetry still exists; but, if we except M. 

 Crespo, a man of genius, we have but erotic 

 poets, who weary their readers with lachry- 

 mose verses in a style that went out of fashion 

 thirty years ago. M. de Castillo, who is usu- 

 ally considered the greatest master of verse in 

 Portugal, has travestied Goethe's "Faust," 

 and is trying to naturalize the comedies of 

 Moliere ! He has also given an imitation of 

 the Odes of Anacreon, a paraphrase of the 

 Georgics of Virgil, and the Fasti of Ovid, the 

 latter a work not remarkable for scholarship. 

 M. Theophile Braga, although still quite a 

 young man, made himself a considerable repu- 

 tation by his poem, "The Vision of the Times." 

 Since then he has devoted himself entirely to 

 the study of the history of literature. He be- 

 gan with the "Popular Minstrelsy and Ro- 

 mance " (3 vols.), preceded by an essay on the 

 formation and development of popular poe- 

 try; he has followed this work up by the pub- 

 lication of " The History of the Theatre," 

 " The History of Portuguese Literature " (intro- 

 ductory volume), " Epopees of the Mosarabic 

 Race," and " The Galleco-Portnguese Trouba- 

 dours; " and he has in the press "The Poets 

 of the Court," a monograph on the poetry of 

 the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The 

 Royal Academy of Science has just published 

 some works which deserve special mention. 

 To begin with, there has appeared the third 

 fasciculus ("Diplomata et Chartse") of the 

 "Portugaliae Monumenta," issued under the 

 superintendence of M. Herculano. Divided 

 into three sections the first being "Leges et 

 Consuetudines," the second " Scriptores," and 

 the third " Charts et Diplomata " this grand 

 collection embraces all the documents relating 

 to the history of Portugal since the eighth 

 century. The Chartae of Coimbra under the 

 domination of the Arabs are extremely impor- 

 tant. Another publication of the Academy, 

 the " Corpus Diplomaticum," referring to the 

 relations between Portugal and Rome in the 

 sixteenth century, ought to be much better 

 known than it is. M. Silvestre Ribein has 

 written a " History of the Scientific, Literary, 

 and Artistic Institutions of Portugal," the first 



