LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1871. 



469 



taking place in various branches of the Rus- 

 sian service. Several Russian surgeons offered 

 their services to the wounded, in accordance 

 with the principles of the Geneva Convention. 

 Two of them, Dr. Pirogof and Dr. Pyltz, have 

 published the results of their investigations 

 into the hospitals and sanitary institutions 

 existing in Germany, Alsace, and Lorraine. 

 There are also some other books on the war, 

 its causes, consequences, etc. The " Military 

 Library" is a series of books started at the 

 suggestion, and under the patronage, of the 

 Grand-duke H6ritier, for affording young offi- 

 cers the best military works of native and 

 foreign authors at a cheap rate. Two volumes 

 are devoted to a description of the "Defence 

 of Sevastopol " by General Todtleben, accom- 

 panied with maps and plans. 



Among the numerous republications are 

 those of the works of Derzhavin, Grigorovitch, 

 and Dobroliubof ; and the translations include 

 besides works of most modern authors of 

 repute, from Taine and Schlosser to Messrs. 

 Lockyer, Tyndall, and Disraeli a new trans- 

 lation of Dante, in terza rima, and the final 

 volumes of the new and complete translations 

 of Heine and of Goethe's poems. 



SPAIJT. On looking through the publications 

 of 1871, we shall find that works on scientific 

 subjects are, comparatively speaking, fewer in 

 number than those in any other branch of lit- 

 erature. Some, however, have been published 

 this year which possess real merit. The most 

 important of these are Seflor Carlos Ibanez's 

 " Descripcion Geod6sicade las Islas Baleares" 

 (" Description and Surveys of the Balearic Isl- 

 ands "), a work remarkable for the novelty and 

 simplicity of the methods of observation and 

 calculation employed by the author. " Trata- 

 do de las Construcciones en el Mar" ("The 

 Treatise on Sea Constructions"), by Senor de 

 la Sala, is likewise interesting from the special 

 observations the author makes of the sea-coast 

 of Spain. Besides these two books, several 

 others have been published, which give an idea 

 of the state of Spanish scientific literature at 

 the present day in Spain " Curso Practico de 

 Construccion Naval," por Don Andres Avelino 

 Comerma "Anuario de la Direccion de Hi- 

 drografia " "El Aire y el Agua : Apuntes sobre 

 la Historia de estos Cuerpos y sus Funciones 

 en la vida Vegetal," por Don Lino Penuelas 

 "Memoria sobre el Eclipse Total de Sol del 

 22 de Diciembre de 1870, por una Comision de 

 Hombres Cientificos" "Anuario del Obser- 

 vatorio Astronomico de Madrid" "Estudios 

 Forestales : los Montes en sus Relaciones con 

 las necesidades de los Pueblos," por Don H. 

 Ruiz Amado. There are a number of small 

 productions referring to the different branches 

 of medicine, pharmacy, botany, and civil, penal, 

 and canonical law, which have appeared this 

 year ; but the principal object of these works 

 is that they should be used as text-books at 

 the different universities and public schools. 



A few years ago there was a great scarcity 



in Spain of scientific, literary, and artistic pe- 

 riodicals. This want is beginning to be sup- 

 plied, and now several monthly periodicals ap- 

 pear. These are Remsta de Espafia La Hus- 

 tracion Espanola y Americana La Ilustra- 

 cion de Madrid Cronica de los Cervantistas 

 Revista de Arcliwos, Bibliotecas y Museos, and 

 El Averiguador. The Revista de Espaila is 

 the best of these publications, in a literary 

 point of view. The editor, Don Jose" Luis Al- 

 vareda, writes in every number an able politi- 

 cal resume, in the style of the Revue des Deux 

 Mondes. Many interesting articles have ap- 

 peared this year : those written by Don Ale- 

 jandro Llorente, Don Francisco Cardenas, Don 

 Jos6 Amador de los Rios, and Don Francisco 

 Fernandez y Gonzales, deserve a special men- 

 tion. The most important periodicals, and 

 those which are most useful in Spain, are those 

 of a practical kind, and which draw attention 

 to industry, agriculture, and physical sciences 

 in general. 



The fine archaeological work published at 

 the expense of the Government (" Monumentos 

 Arquitectonicos de Espafia") continues, but 

 not with the exactitude or rapidity which dis- 

 tinguished it a few years ago. Thirty-seven 

 numbers have appeared up to the present time. 

 The object of this publication is to illustrate 

 Spanish art in all its branches, or monuments 

 of an artistic order to be found in Spain. It 

 is accompanied by a text, printed in two col- 

 umns, in Spanish and French, and there are 

 fine large plates and a quantity of etchings and 

 chromos. The drawings and engravings have 

 been intrusted to the best artists in Spain, and 

 there is a special directing committee of com- 

 petent persons, who choose the subjects that 

 are to be published, and the texts that are to 

 accompany them. Besides the large number 

 of architectural drawings which have appeared 

 in this publication, there are several fine chro- 

 mos of enamels, ivories, and gems of great in- 

 terest. This work is excellent, and equal in 

 merit to those of the same kind which are 

 published in Germany, France, and Russia. 



The Spanish academies of La Historia, La 

 Lengua, and San Fernando, have not published 

 in 1871 as much as they have usually done of 

 late years. The Academy of La Lengua began 

 last year to print a monthly report, which it 

 has continued this year ("Memorias de la 

 Academia Espaflola"). In these reports are 

 reprinted the speeches made at the receptions 

 of the new Academicians, and special treatises 

 on the Spanish language written by the mem- 

 bers. The Academia de la Historia is now 

 printing the ninth volume of its " Memorias," 

 which, among other interesting papers, will 

 contain an important study on the Roman road 

 from Uxama to Augustobriga, by Don Eduardo 

 Saavedra, late Director of Public Works, and 

 one of the most distinguished civil engineers 

 in Spain. The Academia de San Fernando 

 has not interrupted its monthly publication 

 (" Galeria de Cuadros de la Academia de San 



