484 



HANSEL, HENRY L. 



MARX, KARL. 



HANSEL, Rev. HENRY LONGTTEVILLE, D. D., 

 Dean of St. Paul's, an English clergyman, pro- 

 fessor, and author; born at Cosgrove Rectory, 

 Northamptonshire, October 6, 1820; died in 

 London, July 30, 1871. He was educated at 

 Merchant-Taylors' School, London, then under 

 the care of the eminent Dr. Bellamy; was 

 elected a junior Fellow of St. John's College, 

 Oxford, in 1839, and Fellow in 1842 ; graduated 

 B. A. in 1843 as double first-class, in classics 

 and mathematics, and for the ten years 1844- 

 '54 was tutor in logic at Oxford, where his 

 lectures on that science became famous. He 

 had been advanced deacon in 1844 and priest 

 in 1845. In 1855 he was appointed to the 

 Waynflete readership in Moral and Metaphysi- 

 cal Philosophy in Hagdalen College, and in 

 1859 Waynflete Professor of the same sciences. 

 In 1867 Dr. A. P. Stanley resigned the Regius 

 Professorship of Ecclesiastical History in the 

 University of Oxford, and the canonry attached 

 to it in the Christchurch chapter, and Prof. 

 Mansel succeeded to both. On the death of 

 Dean Hilman, in 1868, Mr. Disraeli selected, 

 with general approval, Dr. Mansel as his 

 successor as Dean of St. Paul's, and he re- 

 mained in that position till his death. Politi- 

 cally, Dr. Mansel was a very zealous and strict 

 Tory, and fond of political discussion and con- 

 flict. In private life he was universally and 

 deservedly esteemed, and was very popular, 

 even with his political opponents, as a wit and 

 epigrammatist. He had attained distinction 

 both as a logician and a metaphysician ; but 

 he will be remembered rather for his logical 

 power and learning than for his metaphysics. 

 As a writer upon logic he evinced a great 

 mastery of his subject, worthy of a school- 

 man in the days of public disputation. No 

 man, in his time, could do more than won- 

 der at the wide range of his logical reading, 

 and his knowledge of the history of his favor- 

 ite science. He was a perfect lecturer, and he 

 wrote with singular condensation and clear- 

 ness. It is high praise of his logical writings 

 to say that of all similar works Mr. Post's 

 "Posterior Analytics" alone holds the same 

 rank. But as a metaphysician he was not an 

 original thinker, and the victories which he 

 won in that field were due more to his dia- 

 lectic skill than to any profound comprehen- 

 sion of the difficult subjects which he treated. 

 His published works were: "Demons of the 

 Winds, and other Poems," published in 1838 ; 



eighth edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britan- 

 nica." in 1857 ; u Limits of Religious Thought," 

 and " Bampton Lecture," in 1858 ; " Examina- 

 tion of Maurice's Strictures on his Bampton 

 Lecture," in 1859 ; "Metaphysics, or the Phil- 

 osophy of Consciousness," in 1860 ; " Two 

 Lectures on Smith's Lectures on History," in 

 1861-'62 ; "Witness of the Church to Promise 

 of Christ's Coming; Sermon," in 1864; and 



"Philosophy of the Conditioned," in 1866. In 

 conjunction with Prof. Veitch, he edited the 

 late Sir W. Hamilton's works on Logic and 

 Metaphysical Science. 



t MARX, KAEL, Ph. D., a German revolu- 

 tionist and the founder of the "International 

 Society of Working-men," born in Treves, 

 Rhenish Prussia, in 1818; lived in London, 

 September 5, 1871. He was of Jewish family, 

 but not a very strict adherent to the Jewish 

 faith. He obtained his early collegiate or ly- 

 ceum education at Treves, studied law, physi- 

 cal science, politics, and political economy, at 

 the Universities of Bonn and Berlin. In 1841 

 he became a privat decent at Bonn, and the 

 following year turned his attention to journal- 

 ism, taking editorial charge of the Rheinische 

 Zeitung of Cologne, the pioneer paper in the 

 great liberal movement which culminated in 

 the uprisings of 1848. The Prussian Govern- 

 ment exercised a rigid censorship over Marx's 

 journal, and finally forcibly suppressed it. 

 Dr. Marx then went to Paris, where he found 

 revolutionists as ardent and as earnest as him- 

 self. Associated with Dr. Arnold Ruge, the 

 German translator of Buckle's "History of 

 Civilization," he commenced a monthly peri- 

 odical, but when he had published only two 

 volumes its sale was interdicted in Germany. 

 Regarding his course in Paris as dangerous to 

 its interests, the Prussian Government re- 

 quested Louis Philippe to expel the ardent 

 republican. The French King, doubtless ex- 

 pecting that he would soon need a similar act 

 of courtesy in return, ordered Dr. Marx to 

 leave, who accordingly removed to Brussels 

 and remained there until 1848, contributing to 

 the Deutsche Zeitung, published in that city. 

 The Revolution of Febrnary, 1848, once more 

 opened the barriers of Paris to the refugee, 

 but he soon migrated from that city to his old 

 field of labor, Cologne. There he founded the 

 Neue Rheinisclie Zeitung, and fearlessly pro- 

 claimed republican doctrines in its columns. 

 He remained undisturbed until 1849, when, 

 sharing in the disasters of the revolutionists, 

 he saw his paper suppressed, and himself 

 forced into exile. He went again to Paris, 

 but had soon to exchange that place of resi- 

 dence for London, where he resumed the pub- 

 lication of his review, which appeared in 

 monthly parts up to 1851, when he discon- 

 tinued its publication. He then became Lon- 

 don correspondent of the New York Tribune, 

 and also contributed to its columns articles 

 upon the most important questions of European 

 politics. His intimate acquaintance with Euro- 

 pean affairs and the revolutionary leaders ren- 

 dered his communications highly interesting, 

 and did much to inform correctly the Ameri- 

 can people upon the aspirations of the Euro- 

 pean liberal leaders who were then proscribed 

 and maligned. Unconquered by his reverses, 

 Dr. Marx conferred with the political refugees, 

 who were numerous in England, as to the best 

 means of overturning the European monar- 



