OHIO. 



609 



limestones of the coal-measures are found in 

 certain localities to take on the character 

 which fits them for the manufacture of cement. 



Prof. E. B. Andrews, in charge of the Second 

 Geological District, comprising Southeastern 

 Ohio, reports that iron-ore is found in greater 

 or less abundance in all the counties of the 

 district through which the lower coal-meas- 

 ures range. These are Muskingum, Licking, 

 Perry, Hocking, Athens, Viuton, Jackson, 

 Scioto, Lawrence, and Gallia. In small quan- 

 tities, it is found in several other counties. 

 Furnaces are found in all the counties named, 

 except Licking, Perry, and Athens, but they 

 are most abundant in Vinton, Jackson, Scioto, 

 and Lawrence. The ores of the district are 

 generally of great excellence and purity, and 

 the iron made from them has a very high 

 reputation. 



The supply of the best ores is very great, 

 and, although not strictly inexhaustible, yet 

 enough to last for many generations, at a rate 

 of consumption far greater than the present. 

 For the most part, the ores of the district are 

 smelted with charcoal, but this form of fuel 

 must, ere long, be exhausted, and the use of 

 bituminous coal or coke be rendered necessary. 

 Fortunately, the supply of bituminous coals is, 

 proximately, at hand, of a quality which war- 

 rants the belief that the ores may be success- 

 fully smelted by them. 



Coal is found in nearly all of the counties of 

 the Second District. The productive coal- 

 measures include, in whole or in part, the fol- 

 lowing counties : Scioto, Lawrence, Jackson, 

 Vinton, Hocking, Perry, Licking, Muskingum, 

 Morgan, Athens, Gallia, Meigs, Washington, 

 Noble, Guernsey, Monroe, and Belmont. The 

 area of coal in a few of the counties is limited, 

 but in none is coal entirely wanting. In many 

 counties coal is found in almost every town- 

 ship, generally lying in accessible seams in the 

 hill- sides. Mining by shafts beneath the gener- 

 al surface is the rare exception in the district. 

 Generally, there will be found an inexhaust- 

 ible supply of coal in the hills, which can be 

 mined under the most favorable circumstances. 

 The coal is everywhere bituminous, sometimes, 

 though rarely, appearing in the modified form 

 of cannel. Cannel coal is nowhere extensively 

 mined in the district, and, as a general rule, 

 it is less valuable than the usual bituminous 

 coals. Caking and non-caking coals are well 

 represented in quantity and quality. The lat- 

 ter we found almost exclusively in the lower 

 coal-measures. For the blast-furnace, where 

 coal is to be used without coking, the non- 

 caking must be employed. Such coal is found 

 in Muskingum, Perry, Hocking, Athens, Yin- 

 ton, Jackson, and Gallia, and perhaps, in one 

 or two other counties. 



Prof. Wormley, the analytical chemist of the 

 survey, reports that of the iron-ores eighty- 

 two Ohio specimens were analyzed, thirty- 

 five being hydrated sesquioxides, forty-three 

 carbonates, and four black-band ores. The 

 VOL. xi. 39 A 



amount of metallic iron found in the five named 

 varies from 37.17 to 61.56 per cent. ; in the 

 second from 21.48 to 49.09 per cent, the main 

 average being 33.65 per cent. The main av- 

 erage iron found in the black -band ores was 

 31.06 per cent. This section of the report also 

 contains statistics of analyses made of coal, 

 fire-clays, water-lime, limestone, and various 

 agricultural soils. 



On the 18th of May the Montgomery County 

 Democratic Convention met at Dayton. The 

 attention of politicians throughout the State 

 had been attracted to that convention, as it 

 had been given out that Mr. Vallandigham 

 would there present a series of resolutions 

 which would contain the principles to be em- 

 bodied in the State and national platforms of 

 the Democratic party, and mark a " new de- 

 parture" in policy. Mr. Vallandigham was 

 appointed chairman of the committee on res- 

 olutions, and reported the following, the 

 adoption of which he advocated in a written 

 speech : 



Whereas, The Democratic party of 1871 is made 

 up of men who, previous to and during the late war, 

 as also for a time since, entertained totally different 

 opinions, and supported totally opposite measures, 

 as to the questions and issues of those times ; and 



Whereas, It is reasonable to assume that these same 

 men still entertain, to a large extent, their several 

 opinions, and would, if in like circumstances, sup- 

 port again substantially the same measures ; and 



Whereas, A rational toleration among men resolved! 

 to unite in a present common purpose does not re- 

 quire the surrender, in any particular one, of former 

 opinions, or any acknowledgment of error as to meas- 

 ures supported : therefore 

 Jtesolved, By the Democracy of MontgomeryCounty : 



1. That, agreeing to disagree in all respects as to 

 the past, we cordially unite upon the living issues 

 of the day, and hereby invite all men of the Kepub- 

 lican party, who believe now upon present issues as 

 we believe, to cooperate fully and actively with us 

 upon the basis of perfect equality with every member 

 of the Democratic party. 



2. That, waiving all differences of opinion as to 

 the extraordinary means by which they were brought 

 about, we accept the natural and legitimate results 

 of the war so far as waged for its ostensible purpose 

 to maintain the Union and constitutional rights and 

 powers of the Federal Government, including the 

 three several amendments de facto to the Constitu- 

 tion recently declared adopted as a settlement in 

 fact of all the issues of the war, and acquiesce in the 

 same as no longer issues before the country. 



3. That, thus burying out of sight all that is of the 

 dead past, namely, the right of secession, slavery, 

 inequality before the law, and political inequality, 

 and, now that reconstruction is complete, and repre- 

 sentation within the Union restored to all the States, 

 waiving all questions as to the means by which it 

 was accomplished, we demand that the vital and long- 

 established rule of strict construction, as proclaimed 

 by the Democratic fathers ? and accepted by the 

 statesmen of all parties previous to the war, and em- 

 bodied in the tenth amendment to the Constitution, 

 be vigorously applied now to the Constitution as it 

 is, including the three recent amendments above re- 

 ferred to, and insist that these amendments shall; 

 not be held to have in any respect altered or modi- 

 fied the original theory and chaiacter of the FederaL 

 Government as designed and taught by its founders, 

 and repeatedly, in earlier times, in later times, and 

 at all times, affirmed by the Supreme Court of the 

 United States, but only to have enlarged the powers- 



