030 



PORTUGAL. 



POTTER, CIPRIANI. 



the Council and Minister of Finances, A. M. 

 de Fontes Pereira de Melho ; Minister of the 

 Interior, A. Rodrigues de Sarapaia; Minister 

 of Justice and Public Worship, A. F. Barjona 

 de Freitas ; Minister of "War, A. M. de Fontes 

 Pereira de Melho (ad interim) ; Minister of 

 Marine and Colonies, F. 0. de Freitas Maniz ; 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs, F. d'Andrade de 

 Corvo ; Minister of Public Works, of Com- 

 merce and Industry, A. Cardajo Avelino. The 

 area and population, according to the latest 

 official dates, were as follows : 



The Portuguese colonies, in 1871, contained 

 an area of T40,288 square miles, and a popula- 

 tion of 3,872,959. 



The revenue in the budget for 1871 -'72 was 

 estimated at 18,464,394 milreis (one milreis 

 =$1.12), and the expenditures, ordinary and 

 extraordinary, at 21,870,629 milreis. Public 

 debt, in June, 1870, 228,201,676 milreis. The 

 colonial budget for 1870-'71 estimated the 

 revenue and expenditures as follows : 



The length of railroads in operation, in Sep- 

 tember, 1871, amounted to 487 miles. The 

 budget of the postal administration, from 1868 

 to 1869, reports the revenue at 407,609 milreis. 

 Number of post-offices, in 1870, on the conti- 

 nent, 561 ; the isles, 35 : total, 596. In Sep- 

 tember, 1871, the length of the telegraph-lines 

 in operation was 1,763 ; that of the wire, 3,506 

 miles. 



The standing army, in 1870, consisted of 

 26,730 men ; the colonial troops of the first 

 line numbered 9,453, and the troops of the 

 second line, 21,411 men. The navy, in 1870, 

 was composed of 32 armed and 12 non-armed 

 vessels ; the marine troops of 3,308 men. 



In September, the Cabinet of the Marquis 

 d'Avila resigned, as the President of the Cabi- 

 net was satisfied that hed'd not enjoy the con- 

 fidence of the majority of the Chambers, and 

 was tired of the incessant attacks of the oppo- 

 sition. He prevailed upon the party of the 

 u Regeneratores " (Conservatives) to undertake 



the formation of a new Cabinet, and promised 

 them the support of his party. In accordance 

 with this arrangement, a new Cabinet was 

 formed by Fontes Pereira de Melho, who has 

 the reputation of being an able and resolute 

 statesman. The new Minister of Foreign Affairs 

 was formerly professor of chemistry, is the 

 author of a valuable work on agriculture, and 

 of several novels ; he was formerly Portuguese 

 ambassador in Madrid. The Minister of Com- 

 merce is regarded as an adherent of free-trade 

 doctrines. As the Marquis d'Avila assured 

 the new Cabinet not only of the support of 

 his own party, but also secured for it the sup- 

 port of that part of the so-called " historical 

 party " which follows the Marquis da Louie as 

 leader, the new Cabinet expected to have in 

 the Second Chamber a majority of five or six 

 votes. The Cabinet consists exclusively of 

 " regeneratores," but to the allies of the his- 

 torical party several places of foreign am- 

 bassadors were promised. The opposition to 

 the new Cabinet will consist of the remainder 

 of the historical party, and of the Reformistas 

 (" Liberals "), whose leader is the Bishop of 

 Viseu. The Chambers were reopened on Sep- 

 tember 14th. The new Prime Minister intro- 

 duced the members of his Cabinet, and an- 

 nounced that he would chiefly devote his atten- 

 tion to the questions of administration and of 

 finance, in both of which departments he prom- 

 ised to introduce extensive reforms. The pro- 

 gramme of the new Cabinet was, on the whole, 

 favorably received by the deputies of the op- 

 position, while the journals of the Liberal party 

 severely criticised it. On September 24th the 

 King prorogued the session of the Cortes until 

 the 2d of January, 1872. 



POTTER, CIPEIANI, an eminent British mu- 

 sician, musical composer, and critic, Principal 

 of the London Royal Academy of Music, born 

 in London in 1792 ; died there, September 28, 

 1871. His ancestors were remarkable for 

 musical taste. One grandparent was the in- 

 ventor of the patent German flute, and the 

 other was a celebrated bassoon-player, while 

 his father was skilled in piano-forte playing. 

 At the early age of five years young Potter 

 commenced his career as a pianist under the 

 instruction of his father, and subsequently pur- 

 sued his studies under Attwood, Calcott, 

 Crotch, and Wolff, all eminent performers and 

 composers, and so rapid was his progress that 

 at fourteen he was the author of several 

 chamber compositions and symphonies. Vis- 

 iting Vienna, he formed a strong attachment 

 for Beethoven, from whom he received many 

 attentions, though he was never his pupil, as 

 has been erroneously stated. During his so- 

 journ in Vienna Mr. Potter studied under 

 Emanuel Forster, the Austrian Kapellmeister. 

 Although not one of the original masters or 

 associates of the Philharmonic Society, he made 

 his debut at its concerts and afterward was 

 appointed one of the conductors at the time 

 when the direction of the schemes was changed 



