676 



RAILROADS. 



RAUDON, COUNT. 



Pacific Railroad from a point near Marshall, 

 Texas, to San Diego, California; estimated 

 quantity inuring, 13,440,000 acres. Also to 

 the New Orleans, Baton Rouge & Vicksburg 

 Railroad, authorized by the same act, esti- 

 mated at 1,500,000 acres. 



The earnings for the year 1871 of the prin- 

 cipal roads, in the United States, show sev- 

 eral important points the traffic and earn- 

 ings of the Pacific roads have been continued 

 for another year, and, therefore, stand upon a 

 more settled basis, and show much better what 

 may be expected of them in the future ; the 

 Central Pacific has made a large increase in 

 earnings, and the Union Pacific, although not 



quite up to the year 1870 in the amount of 

 gross traffic, has made a conspicuous saving in 

 expenses, so that the net earnings are much 

 larger than in the previous year. 



The earnings of the three principal grain- 

 carrying roads of the West, the Chicago & 

 Northwestern, the Milwaukee & St. Paul, and 

 the Illinois Central, show a decrease of more 

 or less importance compared with 1870, which 

 may be accounted for in part by the lower 

 freights, and, as to the Chicago roads, by the 

 great fire. An important increase in the earn- 

 ings of several other roads will be seen on refer- 

 ence to the table below, especially in the To- 

 ledo & Wabash and the Lake Shore & Michigan. 



EARNINGS FROM JANUARY IST TO DECEMBER 31sT. 



The following table gives the length of rail- 

 roads which in 1871 were in operation in the 

 several European states : 



The first narrow-gauge railway for passenger 

 travel and freight, constructed in the United 

 States, has been opened and declared success- 

 ful. The road is known as the "Denver & 

 Rio Grande," and is now built between Den- 

 ver and Colorado City, a distance of seventy- 

 six miles. It has a three-foot track, the rails 

 weighing only thirty pounds to the yard ; and 

 the maximum curvature is six degrees to the 

 hundred feet, the maximum grade being sev- 

 enty-five feet to the mile. The passenger- 

 engines weigh twelve tons, and cost only 

 $7,500, and the freight-engines fifteen tons, 

 costing $8,500. Expense per mile of building, 

 as equipped, is $13,500, which, on account of 

 high transportation charges of material from 

 the East, is greater than the cost of a similar 



* Last week of December, 1871, estimated. 



road would be in the eastern part of the coun- 

 try where the estimated cash cost of such a 

 line is from $8,000 to $10,000 per mile. 



The following railways are in progress with 

 a gauge of three feet six inches : Queensland 

 (Australia) Government Railway, 222 miles; 

 railway from Congeveran to Arconum, India, 

 19 miles; Toronto, Grey & Bruce Railway, 

 Canada, 90 miles ; Toronto & Nipissing Rail- 

 way, Canada, 108 miles ; Government Railway, 

 of Norway, 101 miles. Locomotives used : 

 Goods, engines, and tender, 20 tons weight, 8 

 wheels, 6 of which are coupled; passenger- 

 engines and tenders, 16 tons weight, in run- 

 ning order, 6 wheels, 4 of which are coupled, 

 and tank-engines, about 13 tons weight, 6 

 wheels, 4 of which are coupled. Rolling-stock : 

 Outside width of cars varies from 6 feet 6 inch- 

 es to 8 feet. The speed varies from 12 to 25 

 miles per hour, including stoppages. Such 

 railways in India and Norway cost from $12,- 

 000 to $14,000 per mile, including engines, 

 cars, and all equipments necessary. Cost of 

 working about the same per ton as on ordinary 

 railways. 



RAUDON, Count JACQUES Loins CESAR 

 ALEXAXDRE, Marshal of France and Senator, 

 a French soldier and statesman, born in Gre- 

 noble (Department of Isdre), March 25, 1795 ; 

 died in Paris, January 20, 1871. He was a 

 nephew of General Marchand, and, after grad- 

 uating from the ficole Poly technique, entered 

 the army when a mere stripling, and mado 

 the campaigns of Russia, Saxony, and France. 

 He was promoted to a captaincy in 1813- 



