RUSSIA. 



693 



budget, 20,088,221 rubles; extraordinary ex- 

 penditures for railroad and harbor construc- 

 tions, 10,347,581 rubles. Deficit for 1871, 

 4,392,996 rubles. The public debt, on Jan- 

 uary 1, 1870, summed up as follows : 



Rubles. 



Russian state debt proper 1,960,775,179 



Debt of the kingdom of Poland, assumed by 

 Russia 39,716,535 



Total 2,000,491,714 



From which must be deducted, 

 for advances made to railroad 

 companies 109,328,530 



For advances made to various 

 corporations, cities, etc 29,450,155 138,778,685 



Actual debt 1,861,713,029 



From October 27, 1861, till January 1, 1870, 

 the total advances made to the Government, 

 by moneyed institutions, amounted to 555,- 

 931,289 rubles, of which 251,937,534 rubles 



were retained by these institutions for com- 

 missions and for payment of mortgage on the 

 land. For the remaining 303,993,755 rubles, 

 the state emitted the following securities : 



Rubles. 



Certificates of release 117,601,370 



Five and a half.per cent, rents, for a capital of 122,194,565 

 Notes of the bank, bearing 5 per cent interest.. 62,719,550 

 Paidin cash 1,478,269 



Total 303,993,754 



The length of railroads in operation, on 

 January, 1871 (exclusive of Finland), amounted 

 to 6,765 miles. On January 1, 1870, the tele- 

 graph-lines in operation had an aggregate 

 length of 25,304 miles, while the length of 

 wire was 48,185 miles. 



According to the Almanac of St. Petersburg, 

 for 1872, the area and population of the Euro- 

 pean provinces (governments) were as follows : 



The aggregate area of the Russian posses- 

 sions in Europe and Asia is estimated at 

 8,012,955 square miles, and the total popula- 

 tion, according to the latest dates, amounted 

 to 82,159,630. 



The entire strength of the Russian Army in 

 the year 1871 will be seen by the following 

 table : 



