TELEGRAPHS. 



SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH-CABLES SUBMERGED IN THE YEARS 1870 AND 1S71. 



Among the most important of these exten- 

 sions are the laying of a seven-wire cable from 

 Dublin to Holyhead ; the erection of wires to 

 Lowestoft to meet the new German cable. 

 The laying down of an underground wire sys- 

 tem between Manchester and Liverpool, under 

 very much improved arrangements, is a sub- 

 ject which must interest all telegraph-engi- 

 neers very greatly, as the use of wires under- 

 ground has been generally considered a failure, 

 and all the extensions that many years ago 

 were carried out on this system have been 

 abandoned. 



The principal of the new cables manufac- 

 tured and laid during the past year are th 

 German cable from Borkum (Emden) to Lowe- 

 stoft, a four-wire cable (WUloughby Smith's 

 improved gutta-percha), of very heavy con- 

 struction ; the cable in the Grecian and Turk- 



* Hoopsr's core. 



t Willonghby Smith's improved gutta-percha. 



ish Archipelago, 564 knots; and the several 

 cables for the French Government. 



The Mediterranean cable was successfully 

 laid between Marseilles and Algiers, over the 

 route of the old cable, which had been speech- 

 less for some years. A fault, however, oc- 

 curred after the laying, and, after some trouble, 

 the cable was successfully repaired by Mr. F. C. 

 Webb. On this occasion grappling was done 

 in 1,000 fathoms, and the cable recovered, a 

 great feat, considering the rough bottom of the 

 Mediterranean. 



A small amount of cable was laid in the 

 Hebrides by the English Post-Office. 



A large amount of cable was manufactured 

 for the Anglo-American and Falmouth and 

 Malta Telegraph Companies for repairs and 

 alteration of routes. The Atlantic cables (both) 

 were broken down during the early part of 

 the year, and were not repaired until June. 

 The 1866 cable being found to be on very bad 



