TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



$1,000. Mining and agriculture are the prin- 

 cipal branches of industry, but, as there is no 



railroad connection with other parts of the 

 country, progress has been thus far very slow. 



CENSUS OF 1870. 



According to the census, there are included 

 in the population 60 colored persons, and 47 

 Indians. The number of tribal Indians is offi- 

 cially estimated at 5,584. The true value of 

 property is $6,552,681. Public debt, county, 

 town, city, etc., amounts to $222,621. Value 

 of farm productions, including betterments 

 and additions to stock, $637,797. 



INDIAN TERRITORY. The Indian Territory, 

 which is secured to the several tribes occu- 

 pying it by the treaties of 1866, still remains 

 unorganized. It is inhabited by about 70,000 

 Indians, mostly of the Ohoctaw, Cherokee, 

 Chickasaw, Creek, Osage, and Seminole tribes, 

 'who have attained a considerable degree of 

 civilization. The Choctaws number about 

 17,000, and have 48 schools, with 1,460 pupils. 

 They support twenty students in different 

 white schools in the States, who are training 

 for teachers. The annual school fund is about 

 $90,000. The Cherokees comprise about 17,000 

 persons, and have 48 schools, with 1,920 pupils, 

 besides a Moravian mission-school, several pri- 

 vate schools, and a House of Refuge. Their 

 school fund amounts to $50,000 annually, and 

 they have also an orphan fund for the support 

 of the inmates of the House of Refuge. The 

 Creeks number about 13,000, and support 30 

 schools, of which six are devoted to the educa- 

 tion of freed negroes. These schools are at- 

 tended by over 700 children, and there is also 

 a boarding-school with 80 pupils. Their an- 

 nual school fund is $25,000. The Chickasaws, 

 with a population of 5,400, have a school fund 

 of $50,000, from which they support 11 public 

 schools, attended by 440 pupils, and they have 

 fifty students supported in the schools of the 

 neighboring States, at an annual cost of $650 

 each. The Osages, numbering between 3,000 

 and 4,000, have a fund of $3,000 a year, and 

 support fifty pupils at the Catholic mission 

 schools. The Seminoles, numbering only 2,500, 

 have an annual school fund of $25,000, and 

 support 4 schools with 225 pupils. A mission- 

 school, accommodating 50 pupils, has also been 

 opened. The Peorias, 170 in number, have one 

 school, with 25 pupils, and a fund of $3,000. 

 The Ottawas have one school, with 52 pupils. 



The constitution for a confederated govern- 



ment of the tribes, which was framed at Ock- 

 mulgee in December, 1870, failed to meet the 

 approbation of Congress, owing apparently to 

 schemes looking to the ultimate organization 

 and settlement of the Territory. In fact, prop- 

 ositions were made to organize from it a Ter- 

 ritory, to be called Oklahoma. Some of the 

 smaller tribes, too, refused to ratify the con- 

 stitution because it did not give to them an 

 equal representation in the Senate of the Con- 

 federation. Thus far the political condition 

 of the tribes remains as before, each being in- 

 dependent and secured in its rights by treaties 

 with the United States. They seem to be 

 unanimous in their opposition to a Territorial 

 government imposed upon them by the United 

 States. There are in the Territory 2,407 white, 

 6,378 colored, and 59,367 Indians; total, 

 68,152. 



MONTANA. The Territory of Montana is 

 still to a great extent an unknown region. 

 Recent exploring expeditions have found in it 

 many wonders of Nature in the form of wild 

 and picturesque scenery, lofty mountains, deep 

 cafions, fertile valleys and plains, beautiful 

 lakes and streams, remarkable caves, mineral 

 and hot springs. The climate is said to be 

 one of the finest on the continent, the soil 

 in many parts is exceedingly rich, and the 

 mineral resources are believed to be very great. 

 Comparatively little has been done, however, 

 to develop its natural riches. The population, 

 as returned in 1870, was 20,595, but there are 

 several Indian tribes of considerable extent 

 not included in the enumeration. The capital 

 of the Territory is Virginia City, and the pres- 

 ent Governor is Benjamin F. Potts. The 

 government is supported by the United States, 

 the salaries of the Governor, Superintendent 

 of Indian Affairs, Chief Justice with two as- 

 sociates, and the Secretary, amounting to 

 $13,500. An act of the last Territorial Legis- 

 lature, giving thes eofficers additional com- 

 pensation, has been pronounced null and void 

 by act of Congress. The line of the North- 

 ern Pacific Railroad will cross this Territory. 

 No local railroads have been constructed as 

 yet, but telegraph-lines have been established 

 from Helena, the principal city, eastward to 



