48 



AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY. 



The following is a complete list of other 

 towns which, according to the census of 1869, 

 have more than 10,000 inhabitants : 



Towat. Population 



Cracow... .. 49,835 



Sign 29,827 



Knin 23,771 



Pilsen 23,631 



Raichenberg 22,394 



Tarnow 21,779 



Towns. Population. 



Tarnopol. 20,087 



Iglau. 20,049 



Dernis 19,183 



Wiener-Nenstadt.... 19,173 



Brody 18,890 



Spalato 18,261 



The following table, which exhibits, on the 

 basis of the census of 1869, the statistics of 

 the social standing and occupation of the in- 

 habitants, throws considerable light on the de- 

 gree of civilization attained by the several 

 provinces and nationalities of the empire : 



In the number of persons of higher educa- 

 tion are included 31,398 clergymen and nuns, 

 72,147 officers in active service, 7,701 military 

 persons, 40,503 teachers, 75,642 students, 1,352 

 authors, 14,536 artists, 7,230 lawyers and nota- 

 ries, 4,664 physicians, 3,376 surgeons, 11,759 

 midwives, 2,278 apothecaries, and 6,095 per- 

 sons otherwise engaged in the sanitary service. 

 Among those engaged in agriculture and for- 

 estry are, 1,784,752 proprietors, 59,243 ten- 

 ants, 29,570 officers, 3,646,286 persons engaged 

 for permanent help, 1,977,649 day-laborers, 

 and 8,895 hunters and fishermen. The class 

 of persons without income are thus divided : 

 male persons above 14 years, 192,661 ; below 

 14 years, 3,067,302; female persons above 14 

 years, 2,006,456, and below 14 years, 3,137,644. 

 ^ Although the conflicts arising put of the na- 

 tionality question have assumed in no country 

 of Europe so large dimensions as in Austria, 

 no official census of nationalities has been taken 

 since 1850. The careful calculations made by 

 Dr. Ticker, in his work, " Volkerstamme der 

 osterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie " (Vien- 



* "Without the suburbs ; with the suburbs Vienna hag 

 825.165 inhabitants. According to the enumeration of 

 December, 1871, Vienna numbered, with ite suburbs, over 

 900,000. 



na, 1869), have, however, been generally accept- 

 ed as being on the whole entirely trustworthy 

 by all writers on the subject. G. A. Schimmer, 

 in his work, " Statistik des osterreichisch-unga- 

 rischenKaiserstaates" (Vienna, 1872), gives the 

 number of the different nationalities in the cis- 

 Leithan provinces as follows : Germans, 7,108,- 

 900 (35.16 per cent.); Czechs, Moravians, and 

 Slovaks, 4,718,800 (23.34 per cent.); Poles, 

 2,443,500 (12.09 per cent.) ; Ruthenes, 2,584,600 

 (12.80 per cent.); Sloventzi, 1,196,300 (5.92 

 per cent.) ; Oroatians and Servians, 522,400 

 (2.58 per cent.); Magyars, 17,700 (0.09 per 

 cent.) ; Italians, 587,500 (2.91 per cent.) ; Rou- 

 manians, 207,900 (1.02 per cent.); Israelites, 

 820,200 (4.05 per cent.); others, 9.800 (0.04 

 per cent.). As regards the several provinces, 

 the German nationality exclusively exists in 

 Upper Austria and in Salzburg; it also pre- 

 vails in Lower Austria (Germans, 90.13 per 

 cent., Czechs, 5.66, Israelites, 2.66, the re- 

 mainder being divided among other nation- 

 alities) ; Carinthia (Germans, 68.85, Sloventzi, 

 31.15); Styria (Germans, 63.78; Sloventzi, 

 36.66) ; Tyrol (Germans, 60.41, Italians, 39.48) ; 

 Silesia (Germans, 50.98 ; Czechs, 71.79 ; Isra- 

 elites, 2.13). The Czechs are a majority in 

 Bohemia (60.22 per cent. ; Germans, 30.01 ; 



