BAVARIA. 



BEAL, ABRAHAM. 



59 



Minister of "War, Lieutenant-General S. Baron 

 von Pranckh ; Minister of Public Worship, J. 

 von Lutz; Minister of the Interior, S. von 

 Pfeufer; Minister of Justice, Dr. J. H. Faustle; 

 First President of the Chamber of the Reichs- 

 raethe (First Chamber), Baron T. Schenk von 

 Stauffenberg; Second President, Baron von 

 Schrenk ; First President of the Chamber of 

 Deputies, Baron von Ow; Second President, 

 Count von Seinsheim-Griinbach. The area of 

 Bavaria is 29,292 square miles; the popula- 

 tion, according to the census of 1871, was 

 4,861,402, against 4,824,421 in 1867. The king- 

 dom is divided into eight Regierungsbezirke 

 (administrative districts), the population of 

 which in 1871 was as follows: 



The population of the largest cities in 1871 

 was as follows : Munich, 169,478 ; Nuremberg, 

 82,929; Augsburg, 51,284; Wiirzburg, 40,008; 

 Ratisbon, 29,224; Bamberg, 25,748; Furth, 

 24,569 ; Baireuth, 17,837. 



In the budget for the llth "financial period " 

 (embracing the years 1872 and 1873) the an- 

 nual revenue and expenditure were estimated 

 at 74,969,635 florins each. The public debt, in 

 December, 1869, amounted to 425,175,254 fl., 

 163,413,300 of which were railroad debt. The 

 Bavarian army, according to the treaty of No- 

 vember 23, 1870, regulating the entrance of 

 the kingdom into the German Empire, con- 

 stitutes two army corps of the army of the 

 German Empire ; in times of peace under the 

 exclusive administration of the King of Ba- 

 varia, it is in time of war under the supreme 

 command of the Emperor. 



The Government of the kingdom remained 

 throughout the war in the haods of a ministry 

 which favored abroad the continuance of 

 friendly relations with the German Empire, 

 and at home the principles of the Moderate 

 Liberal party. A ministerial crisis occurred 

 after the death of the Prime-Minister, Count 

 Hegnenberg-Dux, in the beginning of Sep- 

 tember. The leaders of the Conservative and 

 " Particularist " party, which holds the opinion 

 that Bavaria in entering the German Empire 

 made too great sacrifices and that the Govern- 

 ment should now be chiefly intent upon main- 

 taining the rights of the Bavarian crown, 

 gained sufficient influence on the King to in- 

 duce him to intrust to Herr von Gasser the 

 mission of forming a " Particularist " ministry. 

 The crisis lasted during about three weeks, and 

 ended in a failure of the entire scheme and 

 the appointment of the Minister of Finance, 



Herr Pfretzschner, as Prime-Minister. Herr 

 Pfretzschner is known to be a supporter of 

 the imperial policy and a member of the Na- 

 tional Liberal party. 



In the Bavarian Diet the conflicts between 

 the " Patriots " (Catholics and Conservatives) 

 and the National Liberals continued. Although 

 the Patriots were believed to have a small 

 majority in the Second Chamber, they suffered 

 a number of defeats. Thus the Chamber de- 

 clined (by a tie vote of 76 and 76 votes) to 

 support a complaint of the Bishop of Augs- 

 burg against the state ministry for allowing a 

 parifeh priest who had joined the Old Catholics 

 to remain in his office. On questions relating 

 to the consolidation of the German Empire, a 

 sufficient portion of the Patriotic party sup- 

 ported the proposition of the Government, to 

 strengthen the connection of Bavaria with the 

 empire. Thus a law for the supply of horses 

 in the case of the mobilization of the army, 

 which was opposed by the Ultra-" particular- 

 ists," passed the Second Chamber by a vote 

 of 88 against 35, showing the Government 

 that it could obtain a two-thirds majority 

 whenever it was necessary to fulfil its ob- 

 ligations toward the Imperial Government. 

 The King also authorized new regulations for 

 the Bavarian Army which are to make its 

 organization more conform to that of the re- 

 mainder of the Imperial Army. These went 

 into effect on April 1st. The Diet adjourned 

 on April 29th. 



The Old Catholics of Bavaria made great 

 efforts to perfect their organization, and in July, 

 at their request, the Archbishop of Utrecht 

 (of the Old Catholic or Jansenist Church of 

 Holland) visited a number of congregations, 

 and administered the sacrament of confirma- 

 tion to about 400 children. Nearly every im- 

 portant town of the kingdom has now its 

 congregation, but the number of priests is still 

 very small. A general assembly of delegates 

 from all parts of the kingdom was held in 

 Munich, to regulate the organization of the 

 congregations on a firm basis. 



The failure of the so-called Dachauer banks 

 in November created a profound excitement. 

 These banks had been patronized by many 

 prominent members of the Patriotic party and 

 of the clergy, and even the name of the Pope 

 must have been used to induce the Catholic 

 people to make deposits in these banks, for the 

 Osservatore Romano found it necessary to de- 

 clare that the Pope had never had any thing 

 to do with them. As the promise of large 

 interest, added to the patronage of the heads 

 of the party, had induced a very large portion 

 of the lower classes of Bavaria to prefer these 

 banks to all others, the number of sufferers was 

 very large. 



BEAL, ABRAHAM, a Christian reformer and 

 philanthropist, born in Chatham, Kent, Eng- 

 land, about 1803 ; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb- 

 ruary 25, 1872. He was from an excellent family 

 in England, his father having been for many 



