72 



BRAZIL. 



Entered. 



creasing rapidly; 30 foreign vessels entered 

 Maceio in January and February, to load. 



The foreign trade of Bahia for 1871 amount- 

 ed to $20,542,858: imports, $9,915,205; ex- 

 ports, $10,627,623. The port movements in 

 the empire in 1870 were as follows : 

 3,540 sea-going vessels with an 



gregate of 1,446,000 tons. 



coasters, with an aggregate 



of 1,091,000 ions. 



(3,215 sea-going vessels, with an 



aggregate of 1,500,000 tons. 



) 4,994 coasters, with an aggregate 



I of 1,198,000 tons. 



A line of clippers between Genoa and Rio 

 Grande do Sul was organized in 1872, with 

 vessels of 500 tons burden, but of light draught 

 to suit the bar of the latter port. 



The Guanabara Fishery Company, with a 

 capital of $300,000, in 100 shares at 25 per cent, 

 first call, has been organized for the purpose 

 of supplying Rio de Janeiro with fish brought 

 alive in steamers provided with suitable tanks. 



The expenditure of the empire from 1855 to 

 1859 was as follows: 



1855-'56 $20,120,000 



1856-'57 20,187100 



1857-'58 25, 877,500 



1858-'59 26,859,000 



After the Paraguayan War commenced, the 

 expenditure increased as given below : 



1864-'65... 



1866-67 ............................ ... 



1867-'68 ............................... 76688,8$ 



' ' 



73,189,858 

 1870-'71 ............................... 53,266,047 



The amount to be disembursed in 1872, for 

 emancipation annuities, was estimated by the 

 Minister of Finance at $500,000 ; and that for 

 1902, when slavery is to cease, at $8,000,000. 



About one-fifth of the ordinary revenue is 

 derived from land, license, and other taxes, 

 such as that on transfer of property, etc.; 

 more than one-half proceeds from duties, ex- 

 port as well as import, the former being 15 

 per cent, on coffee, and 9 per cent, on all other 

 articles. From 1865 to 1870, when deficits 

 were of frequent occurrence, these were cov- 

 ered by loans made, and bonds and paper 

 money issued by Government, and treated in 

 the finance accounts as extraordinary receipts. 

 The total receipts for the financial year 1864- 

 '65 were $29,738,838; and for 1871-72, $46,- 

 884,316. The expenditure in 187l-'72 was: 

 Ministry of the Interior: 



Civil List ........... ............. $699.735 



Legislative Chambers ......... 375 680 



Sundries ...................... 1,488,645 



- $2,564,060 

 Ministry of Justice ........................... 1,718,764 



Ministry of Finance .............. 19712 587 



Ministry of Foreign Affairs .............. ..... '403>)9 



Ministry of War ....... ....................... 6,316,658 



Ministry of Manne ........................... 4 434 18b 



Ministry of Commerce, Agriculture, Public 



Works, etc. ................... ............ . 6,004,258 



Total ................................. $41,154,422 



Receipts in 1871-'72 ...................... $46,884,316 



Expenditures in 1871 -'72 ..... ........... . 41,154,422 



The revenue has been steadily increasing 

 since 1864, at the rate of 75 per cent, approx- 

 imately; while the increase of the ordinary 

 expenditure in the same period has not ex- 

 ceeded 20 per cent. 



The indebtedness of Brazil to England In 

 1862 was $25,000,000, the foundation of which 

 had been laid by loans to cover old charges 

 of the colonial times, the war of independence, 

 that with Uruguay, payments of indemnities 

 to foreign nations, and to cover deficits origi- 

 nating from year to year; and in 1872 the 

 amount reached $300,000,000, exclusive of rail- 

 way guarantees ; being an increase of $275,- 

 000,000 in ten years. A loan of $15,000,000 

 was contracted in February, 1871. 



In 1872 the following were the constituent 

 elements of the 



NATIONAL DEBT. 



Foreign debt $300,000,000 



Home debt, at 4, 5, and 6 per cent -. . . . 140,228.450 



Debt prior to 1827 178,537 



Orphans' funds and deposits 12 496*778 



Paper money * 75,539,031 



Total $528,442,796 



The issue of the 4 per cent, loan in 1860 

 amounted to $6,865,000 ; of that sum $2,266,- 

 500 were redeemed on June 1, 1870, leaving 

 $4,598,500 still to be reimbursed by the opera- 

 tion of the accumulation sinking fund. 



Besides the general receipts of the empire, 

 there are the provincial and municipal receipts. 

 The former amount to $11,500,000 ; the latter 

 to $2,500,000. 



There are in Brazil 19 banks, and innumer- 

 able private banking-houses. Chief among 

 the former are the B'ancos do Brazil, da Ba- 

 hia, de Campos, Commercial do Rio de Ja- 

 neiro, do Maranhao, do Rio Grande do Sul, 

 do Para, and the English of Rio de Janeiro, 

 limited, London and Brazilian, Brazilian and 

 Portuguese ; the Banco Rural e Hypothecario, 

 and the bank of Maua & Co. Two new banks 

 were put on the Rio Exchange in 1872, the 

 Commercial Bank of Pernambuco, and the 

 Mercantile Industrial, with capitals of $3,000- 

 000 and $10,000,000 respectively, in $100 

 shares. The Sociedad Economica de Con- 

 sumo, having for its object the establishment 

 of cheap shops, has a capital of $150,000. 



Public education has not yet reached a 

 high point of development in Brazil; but 

 numerous schools have been established of 

 late in the provinces ; and the Government at 

 last seems disposed to spare neither money 

 nor energy in strengthening and developing a 

 system on which the future greatness of the 

 nation so immediately depends. There are at 

 present in the empire 4,437 schools; 3,603 

 being public, and devoted to primary and 

 secondary education, and 834 private schools. 

 The number of secondary schools is in the 

 proportion of one for every 18 primary; and 

 there are twice as many schools for males as 

 for females. The average annual cost of each 



Sur Ptas $5,729,894 * We do not vouch for the accuracy of this amount. 



