BRAZIL. 



BROWN, JOHN P. 



slavery Conservatives, 10 Liberals, and 5 

 Deputies of unascertained political complex- 

 ion : total, 122. So great a reduction in the 

 Liberal ranks of the Deputies was regretted, as 

 the Liberals are the advocates of general re- 

 form, and would, if in strength, have assisted 

 the proposed improvement of the election 

 laws : those returned are exclusively from the 

 two great provinces of Rio Grande do Sul and 

 Minas Geraes, and the small one of Ceara. 

 The large majority of the ministerial party in- 

 dicates how completely the empire has ac- 

 cepted and is prepared to carry out the prin- 

 ciple of gradual emancipation, and to support 

 the policy of careful and temperate reform. 



A railway was talked of to connect the 

 provinces of Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro 

 by a junction with the Dom Pedro II. line ; and 

 a branch to connect the Sao Paulo line with 

 the same metropolitan railway was likewise 

 under contemplation ; while surveys of lines, 

 from the termini of both Pernarnbuco and 

 Bahia railways to points on the San Francis- 

 co Rivery, were contracted for. 



The journals of Rio de Janeiro teem with 

 announcements of concessions and privileges 

 for every imaginable purpose ; many of which 

 are simply devices of speculators to launch 

 companies for their private gain, or futile vi- 

 sions of projectors ; but they, nevertheless, in- 

 dicate a tendency toward material improve- 

 ment, and a readiness on the part of Govern- 

 ment to assist the nation in all useful under- 

 takings. Several new orders and titles were 

 conferred by the Emperor during the second 

 half of the year. A controversy which arose 

 toward the close of 1871, between the' Brazil- 

 ian and Argentine Governments, seemed for a 

 time likely to remain unsettled without appeal 

 to arms. Brazil, after the Paraguayan War 

 was terminated, made treaties concerning 

 boundaries and a war indemnity with Paraguay 

 without the intervention of either of the other 

 members of the triple alliance treaty of May 

 1, 1865. Against that movement the Buenos 

 Ayres Government protested, and a note from 

 the Argentine Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. 

 Tejedor, gave great offence in Rio de Janeiro, 

 and war seemed inevitable. But General Bar- 

 tolom6 Mitre, the Argentine envoy extraor- 

 dinary, assured Dom Pedro's Cabinet that no 

 offence was intentionally offered in Dr. Teje- 

 dor's note, an assurance which was corrobo- 

 rated by another note to that effect from the 

 latter minister himself. This explanation be- 

 ing accepted, friendly negotiations were begun, 

 which terminated in the restoration of cordial 

 relations between the two countries, and the 

 mutual decision that the Argentine Republic, 

 following the example of Brazil, should settle 

 boundary questions by separate treaty with 

 Paraguay. 



Strikes had penetrated into Brazil, and were 

 suspending industry at the founderies in Bahia. 



In Rio Grande do Sul the public-spirited 

 Baron de Maud, was making arrangements for 



planting an agricultural colony on a part of his 

 estate, and reorganizing a vast establishment 

 for preserving and exporting meat. 



New coal-fields, easily workable, are said 

 to exist in the province of Santa Catharina. 



BROWN, DAVID PAUL, an eminent and elo- 

 quent lawyer and author, of Philadelphia, born 

 in Philadelphia, in January, 1795 ; died there, 

 July^ll, 1872. He received a very thorough 

 classical and literary education, studied law, 

 was admitted to the bar in 1816, wrote largely 

 for periodicals, and published several dramas, 

 which were put upon the stage with very good 

 success. He soon, however, devoted himself 

 to his profession, and was for many years the 

 ablest criminal lawyer in Philadelphia. His 

 eloquence and his thorough 'knowledge of 

 criminal law made him very popular in all im- 

 portant cases. Throughout his whole career, 

 he retained his strong attachment to litera- 

 ture, and he was greatly in demand as an ora- 

 tor on public occasions. Mr. Brown was a 

 zealous advocate of antislavery principles, at 

 a period when there was a strong opposition 

 to them in Philadelphia. His published works 

 were : " Sertorius, a Tragedy ; " u The Prophet 

 of St. Paul's, a Melodrama ; " " The Trial, a 

 Tragedy;" "Love and Honor, a Farce;" 

 " The Forum, or Forty Years' Full Practice at 

 the Philadelphia Bar,"4vols., 8vo, 1856-'59; 

 and " Speeches and Orations of David Paul 

 Brown," 4 vols., 8vo, 1859. 



BROWN, JOHN POETER, an American diplo- 

 matist and Oriental scholar, for about forty 

 years connected with the IT. S. embassy to 

 Turkey, born in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1814; 

 died of heart-disease in Constantinople, Tur- 

 key, April 28, 1872. He went to Turkey in 

 1832, accompanying his uncle; Commodore 

 Porter, who was in that year appointed the 

 first American minister to the Porte, and whose 

 son is now admiral of the United States navy. 

 Although then only eighteen, Mr. Brown 

 had already served for some years as a mid- 

 shipman in the American Navy, but, possessing 

 a rare linguistic talent, he applied himself at 

 once to the study of Oriental languages and 

 literature, and with such success that for many 

 years he has been regarded as one of the most 

 accomplished Orientalists in Turkey. Within 

 a twelvemonth of his arrival, he was able to 

 discharge the duties of assistant dragoman, 

 in 1836 was promoted to the post of first 

 dragoman, and, in 1858, secretary of lega- 

 tion, which he held till his death. During 

 this long term of service, he represented his 

 Government nine times as charge d'affaires ; 

 first, in 1843, during a vacancy in the legation, 

 and, for the last time, during the recent inter- 

 val between the departure of Mr. McVeagh, 

 and the arrival of Mr. Boker, the present min- 

 ister. One of these interregna was rendered 

 memorable by the incident of Koszta, the Hun- 

 garian refugee, who, in 1853, was seized by 

 the Austrian authorities at Smyrna, and res- 

 cued some days after, by Captain Ingraham, 



